Namibia is one of the more media-friendly countries in Africa. Johannesburg If Vladimir Putin was hoping for a big show of support at his Russia-Africa summit . 22, general strike of 25% of the entire working population of contract workers, Transitional Government of National Unity, UN Commissioner for Namibia Bernt Carlsson, http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/8533/ISS-95.pdf?sequence=1, "History of Namibia. The Afrikaners soon came in conflict with the Herero who entered Damaraland from the south at about the same time as the Afrikaner started to expand farther north from Namaqualand. The Ovambo, and the smaller and closely related group Kavango, lived in northern Namibia, southern Angola and, in the case of the Kavango, western Zambia. The Oppenheimer dilemma: H-bomb vs A-bomb. The Southern Rhodesia authorities then arrested us, as we were about to cross the border into (Bechuanaland) Botswana. Namibia: Political Leadership in Namibia - What Makes a Good Political Leader? In contrast to the San and Damara, they lived on the livestock they bred themselves. The history of Namibia has passed through several distinct stages from being colonised in the late nineteenth century to Namibia's independence on 21 March 1990. In 1811 they founded the town Bethanie in southern Namibia, where they built a church, which was long considered to be Namibia's oldest building,[6] before the site at Khauxanas which pre-dates European settlement was recognised. They launched a joint diplomatic effort to bring an internationally acceptable transition to independence for Namibia. [31] Soon the Namaqua people joined the war, again under the leadership of Hendrik Witbooi. I served as Minister of Fisheries and Marine Resources and as Minister of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation. After the First World War, the League of Nations gave South Africa a mandate to administer the territory. Despite many African countries' long-held desire to remain non-aligned with the world's biggest powers, they've been dragged into the fight. In return Jonker Afrikaner was recognised as overlord, received tribute from the Nama, and settled at what today is Windhoek, on the borders of Herero territory. Namibia and the Land Question", "2004 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook Namibia", "Main treason trial set to soldier on in September", "Caprivi treason trial up and running again", "Namibian presidential election won by Swapo's Hage Geingob", "Namibia's President Hage Geingob wins re-election", Learn how and when to remove this template message, "History and economy Namibia Travel Guide", Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, "Chronology of Namibian History: From Precolonial Times to Independent Namibia", "People and culture Namibia Travel Guide", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Namibia&oldid=1163341752, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Articles with dead external links from July 2022, Wikipedia external links cleanup from November 2022, Wikipedia spam cleanup from November 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Botha, Christo. The next European to visit Namibia was also a Portuguese, Bartholomeu Dias, who stopped at what today is Walvis Bay and Lderitz (which he named Angra Pequena) on his way to round the Cape of Good Hope. 1946 - South Africa refuses to place SWA under UN trusteeship. Read about our approach to external linking. At its peak in 2001 there were over 30,000 Angolan refugees in Namibia. South Africa continued to administer Namibia through its installed multiracial coalitions and an appointed Administrator-General. 2020-10-05- *Reagan Munyungano Musisanyani is a liberalist and a food security activist currently persuading his Master's Degree in Political Science at the University of Namibia. Almost 98% of registered voters turned out to elect members of the Constituent Assembly. When the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for Putin in March, accusing him of war crimes in Ukraine, it put South Africa in a difficult position. The Basters settled in central Namibia, where they founded the city Rehoboth. Diogo Co and Bartolomeu Dias touched on the Namibian coast in 1486 and 1488 respectively, en route to and returning from the Cape of Good Hope, but there was virtually no contact until the 1670s. But Russia's decision last week to pull out of an agreement with Ukraine to enable the export of grain and to then bomb Ukrainian ports, destroying thousands of tons of food enraged countries like Kenya, which lambasted the decision in no uncertain terms as a "stab in the back.". African leaders urge Putin to end war, Putin promises free grain to 6 African countries 05:00. [11] Only a few of them managed to escape into neighbouring British territories. Career Southwest Africa Political leaders in Namibia have recently been engaged in a heated debate over LGBTQI+ rights and the importance of traditional values. The outbreak of rebellion was considered to be a result of Theodor Leutwein's softer tactics, and he was replaced by the more notorious General Lothar von Trotha. "He simply failed to understand how significant it was that African leaders had engaged him in this way," the professor said, noting that, "leading a peace mission to Europe was something they [African leaders] hadn't done since the end of colonialism.". Member of Parliament: Party Leader. Silvester, Jeremy, and Jan-Bart Gewald. The Caprivi Strip in Namibia gave Germany access to the Zambezi River and thereby to German colonies in East Africa. On Tuesday, China officially replaced Qin with his predecessor, Wang Yi, who leads the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) foreign policy apparatus. Geingob later married Loini Kandume, a businesswoman, on September 11, 1993, in Windhoek. Africa, a continent of 54 nations and 1.3 billion people, has a complicated relationship with the western world. The settlers were encouraged by the government to expropriate land from the natives, and forced labour hard to distinguish from slavery was used. Both groups belonged to the Bantu nation. The Damara were displaced by the fighting and many were killed. Overview Namibia is a multiparty democracy, though the ruling party, the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO), has been in power since independence. When returned to Namibia in 1989 I served as Head of Administration at SWAPO newly established Headquarters in Windhoek. List of colonial governors of South West Africa, "The highest and lowest paid African presidents - Business Daily", "Circumvention of Term Limits Weakens Governance in Africa", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President_of_Namibia&oldid=1165029872, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 12 July 2023, at 15:16. He was a major force behind the modern Pan-African movement and one of the founders in 1963 of the Organization of African Unity (now the African Union). First they resided in Kaokoland, but in the middle of the 19th century some tribes moved farther south and into Damaraland. From 1884, Namibia was a German colony: German South West Africa. Adolf, like other Germanic first names, is not uncommon in the country, which was once a German colony. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [15], During the 1960s, as the European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia, which was then South West Africa. What is WeChat and why does Elon Musk want to copy it? . Adolf Hitler Uunona won by a landslide in a Namibian regional election on Thursday. They came from the east African lakes and entered Namibia from the northwest. Between 1884 and 1915, Namibia was part of German territory called German South West Africa. Regional councillors and traditional leaders: Namibia is divided into 14 regions and regional councils and councillors mainly drive planning and . In February 1917, Mandume Ya Ndemufayo, the last king of the Kwanyama of Ovamboland, was killed in a joint[clarification needed] attack by South African forces for resisting South African sovereignty over his people. In a 1971 advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice upheld UN authority over Namibia, determining that the South African presence in Namibia was illegal and that South Africa therefore was obliged to withdraw its administration from Namibia immediately. After 1989 Elections I became a member of the Constituent Assembly. "Previous mediation initiatives were monopolized by so-called advanced democracies," Putin complained, suggesting that it was African leaders who had actually changed their stance on global affairs. Namibia's colonial and Apartheid past had resulted in a situation where about 20 percent of the population owned about 75 percent of all the land. make significant political, economic and religious decisions. Here's a timeline of Germany's brutal colonial past in the African country.. eds. When the United Kingdom took control of the Cape Colony in 1805, they also took over Walvis Bay. For local communities, it is the materialisation of a politics of knowledge that prioritises economic growth above, or even at the cost of, alternative development aims such as health and . In the beginning of the war the Herero, under the leadership of chief Samuel Maharero, had the upper hand. [3] Armed with guns, the Oorlams caused instability as more and more came to settle in Namaqualand and eventually conflict arose between them and the Nama. The first territorial claim on a part of Namibia came when Britain occupied Walvis Bay, confirming the settlement of 1797, and permitted the Cape Colony to annex it in 1878. Intense diplomatic activity characterized the next 7 months, as the parties worked out agreements to bring peace to the region and make possible the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 435 (UNSCR 435). As the Presidency in Namibia is restricted to two terms, President Hifikepunye Pohamba was due to step down in 2015, and Geingob, as SWAPO Vice-President, took his place as SWAPOs presidential candidate. Preface UDF Party President: Hon Apius !Auxab The year 2014 is a crucial year in the history of Namibia. Russia hits Ukrainian grain facility; new video appears to show Wagner chief, Ukrainian foreign minister tells Russia to "stop playing hunger games" after grain deal pullout. The land reform has been slow, mainly because Namibia's constitution only allows land to be bought from farmers willing to sell. VideoThe Oppenheimer dilemma: H-bomb vs A-bomb, Extraordinary photos of July's extreme weather, Watch: BBC editor's life in Russia since 2022 on piano. Germany took control of the area which it called South West Africa in the late 1800s. As of 2021, there is a two-term limit for the president in the Constitution of Namibia. It called for the holding of elections in Namibia under UN supervision and control, the cessation of all hostile acts by all parties, and restrictions on the activities of South African and Namibian military, paramilitary, and police. While that problem was resolved, minor disturbances in the north continued throughout the transition period. Reagan Munyungano Musisanyani Research in political science is mostly problem-driven (George and Bennett, 2005). Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. In the Brandberg Mountains, there are numerous rock paintings, most of them originating from around 2000 B.C. [35] In December 2019, President Hage Geingob was re-elected for a second term, taking 56.3% of the vote.[36]. [18], In 1975, South Africa sponsored the Turnhalle Constitutional Conference, which sought an "internal settlement" to Namibia. The Kremlin has said he will join via remote video link. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The opposition Democratic Turnhalle Alliance received 29% of the vote. But colonial settlement in the area was limited, and neither the Dutch nor the British penetrated far into the country. I am unable to respond to each and every message. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. President Hage Geingob was elected to a second five-year term in 2019. In the period, four UN Commissioners for Namibia were appointed. The WCG's efforts led to the presentation in 1978 of Security Council Resolution 435 for settling the Namibian problem. Toggle German South West Africa subsection, Involvement in conflicts in Angola and DRC, Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons, Israel W. Charny, "Century of genocide: critical essays and eyewitness accounts", Routledge, 2004, pg. See the methodology. E-mail. The genocide was characterized by widespread death by starvation and from consumption of well water which had been poisoned by the Germans in the Namib Desert.[12][13][14]. Freedom in the World 2020 Namibia Free 77 100 Last Year's Score & Status 75 100 Free Global freedom statuses are calculated on a weighted scale. ", Kssler, Reinhart. Video, 00:02:34, The Oppenheimer dilemma: H-bomb vs A-bomb. "From Labour Elites to Garveyites: West African Migrant Labour in Namibia, 18921925.". The opportunities for youth to engage in political processes in Namibia largely depend on the country's political, socioeconomic and cultural contexts. SWAPO v t e The history of Namibia has passed through several distinct stages from being colonised in the late nineteenth century to Namibia's independence on 21 March 1990. Sam Nujoma won the presidential elections of 1994 with 76.34% of the votes. In 1979 I was appointed Officer (overall) in charge of SWAPO Affairs/Activities in Zambia. [26], One of SWAPO's policies, that had been formulated long before the party came into power, was land reform. In the same month, CANU merged into SWAPO after an agreement reached between the two parties. In May 1988, a US mediation team headed by Chester A. Crocker, US Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs brought negotiators from Angola, Cuba, and South Africa, and observers from the Soviet Union together in London. Namibia, a large and sparsely populated country on Africa's south-west coast, has enjoyed stability since gaining independence in 1990 after a long struggle against rule by South Africa. Since independence Namibia has successfully completed the transition from white minority apartheid rule to a democratic society. Forces of the Namibian government struck back and arrested a number of alleged CLA supporters. Johannesburg If Vladimir Putin was hoping for a big show of support at his Russia-Africa summit, which kicked off Thursday in St. Petersburg, he has once again been caught on the backfoot by his own overweening confidence. The calmer situation in Angola has made it possible for many of them to return to their home with the help of UNHCR, and in 2004 only 12,600 remained in Namibia. "I have nothing to do with any of these things.". This affected the Angolan Civil War that had been ongoing since Angola's independence in 1975. Following World War II, the League of Nations was dissolved in April 1946 and its successor, the United Nations, instituted a trusteeship system to reform the administration of the former League of Nations mandates and clearly establish majority rule and independence as eventual goals for the trust territories. While Namibia is an upper middle-income . A further 400 such personnel were demobilized on 30 October. During the 17th century the Herero, a pastoral, nomadic people keeping cattle, moved into Namibia. 1970s - Namibia became one of several flashpoints for Cold War proxy conflicts in southern Africa. He was reelected in 2019. Hage Gottfried Geingob (born 3 August 1941) is the third and the current President of Namibia, in office since 21 March 2015. Agreements to give effect to these decisions were drawn up for signature in New York in December 1988. [20] Botha had fully recuperated by 1 April 1989 when implementation of UNSCR 435 officially started and the South Africanappointed Administrator-General, Louis Pienaar, began the territory's transition to independence. Next month, the African nation will host a conference of the BRICS group an economic bloc that includes Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The ongoing local rebellions escalated in 1904 into the Herero and Namaqua Wars when the Herero attacked remote farms on the countryside, killing approximately 150 Germans. To cope with the situation, Germany sent 14,000 additional troops who soon crushed the rebellion in the Battle of Waterberg in 1904. In May 1962 SWAPO leadership in exile sent me from Tanganyika back to Namibia together with Comrade Eliander Mwatale. Updated on: July 28, 2023 / 7:47 AM In 2007 he was chosen as vice-president of the ruling party and former liberation movement - South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) - which has been in power since independence. 18th Century - Oorlam people from Cape Colony cross the Orange River and move into southern Namibia. Namibia's founding president is Sam Nujoma, who was in office for three terms from 21 March 1990 (Namibia's Independence Day) until 21 March 2005. / CBS News. Why it's getting easier to be a single mum in China, The Oppenheimer dilemma: H-bomb vs A-bomb. UNTAG's Martti Ahtisaari took advice from Margaret Thatcher, who was visiting Southern Africa at the time, and authorized a limited contingent of South African troops to assist the South West African Police in restoring order. [29], President Sam Nujoma has been vocal in his support of Zimbabwe and its president Robert Mugabe. He spent several years abroad promoting the idea of independence for what was then known as South West Africa. Russia has said it will continue to deploy Wagner forces in Africa, despite the Wagner Group's boss Yevgeny Prigozhin mounting a failed mutiny last month. During German occupation of South West Africa about one third of the population was wiped out in a genocide that continues to provoke widespread indignation. PlanetRulers - Current Heads of State & Dictators. Mr Uunona said his wife calls him Adolf and he goes by the name in public, and has no plans to change it. ", Kssler, Reinhart. The first European to set foot on Namibian soil was the Portuguese Diogo Co in 1485, who stopped briefly on the Skeleton Coast, and raised a limestone cross there, on his exploratory mission along the west coast of Africa. Conservation leader urges people to reconnect with nature. At the Ronald Reagan/Mikhail Gorbachev summit in Moscow (29 May 1 June 1988) between leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union, it was decided that Cuban troops would be withdrawn from Angola, and Soviet military aid would cease, as soon as South Africa withdrew from Namibia. Namibia launched its Second Harambee Prosperity Plan (HPPII) in March 2021. In 1903 there were 3,700 Germans living in the area, and by 1910 their number had increased to 13,000. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Second was Ben Ulenga from the Congress of Democrats (COD), that won 10.49% of the votes. The discovery of diamonds in 1908 prompted an influx of Europeans. [3] Namibia also intervened in the Second Congo War, sending troops in support of the Democratic Republic of Congo's president Laurent-Dsir Kabila. But South Africa is a signatory to the Rome Statute that established the international court, which means it would be under pressure to arrest the Russian president if he set foot on South African soil. Being Calvinist and Afrikaans-speaking, they considered themselves to be culturally more "white" than "black". Adolf Hitler Uunona was elected last week as councillor. Rivals' silence shows Trump's dominance in 2024 race, Niger coup: EU suspends security cooperation, Wagner could pose as migrants to enter EU - Poland PM. They rarely ventured south to the central parts of the country, since the conditions there did not suit their farming way of life, but they extensively traded their knives and agricultural implements. The Caprivi conflict has led to the longest[32] and largest[33] trial in the history of Namibia, the Caprivi treason trial. VideoWatch: BBC editor's life in Russia since 2022 on piano, Russia's new tactic for cutting off Ukraine's grain, Rishi Sunak's mother-in-law divides India with spoon comment, Held for 1,400 days in China for taking photos. There was only one other candidate, Mishake Muyongo of the DTA.[26].
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