General Information Scientific name: Musa spp. Musa acuminata is diploid, that is it has two sets of chromosomes. WebC_ID CAS ID Metabolite Molecular formula Mw Organism; C00000219: 1211-29-6: Methyl jasmonate: C13H20O3: 224.1412445: Musa acuminata: C00000947: 154-23-4 (+)-Catechin AF. : You are free: to share to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. G. Floral diagram. When using this option, foliage may be trimmed back or left on the plant and allowed to brown up in the normal course; (4) If growing plants directly in the ground, dig, wrap roots, trim back the leaves and store as in option #3 above. FIGURE 7.60. Pharmacotherapeutic biomolecules active against colon cancer carcinogenesis in Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana (bananas), Punica granatum L (pomegranate), Glycine max (Soybean), Brassica oleracea L var. FIGURE 7.56. Leaf sheathes overlap to form a trunk-like pseudostem (false stem). The fruit is a loculicidal capsule; seeds are arillate, with a starch-rich endosperm and starch-less perisperm. As antifungals used in the clinic to treat patients share the same mode of action as fungicides used in the field to control plant diseases, F. oxysporum clinical isolates showed broad resistance to most antifungals available on the market (Al-Hatmi, Hagen, Menken, Meis, & de Hoog, 2016; Short, O'Donnell, Zhang, Juba, & Geiser, 2011), even without previous exposure to the antifungal. Table 1. Kress. E. Flower close-up, showing petaloid fertile stamen with laterally adnate, monothecal anther. There is a debate among researchers regarding the effect of excess cytokinins on off-types. A total of 48 TCP genes were characterized by the M. acuminata genome. Musa acuminata, cultivated banana. In Germany, the annual mean amount of water delivered is about 100l per m2 with a range from zero to more than a thousand. 2022 Feb;60(1):204-222. doi: 10.1007/s10528-021-10100-8. The abiotic potentials are those of gathering and filtering water, cleaning air and providing technical raw materials. Michael G. Simpson, in Plant Systematics (Second Edition), 2010. Most investigators have focused on the Kuk Valley of New Guinea as a region where humans may have first domesticated banana around 8kya; however, domestication may have also occurred in Southeast Asia (Table 13.2). Roasted or baked bananas and plantains are also prepared in both East and West Africa by placing peeled or unpeeled fruit either on the ashes of a fire or in an oven (Walker, 1931; Dalziel, 1937; Boscom, 1951; Whitby, 1972; Goode, 1974; Tezenas du Montcel, 1979). Overview of all potentials that can serve ecology and society. The fruit is a dry or fleshy loculicidal or indehiscent capsule; seeds are arillate, with a starch-rich endosperm and perisperm. B. Close-up of inflorescence. After flowering and fruiting, the pseudostem dies, but the roots push out new shoots (suckers) which form new pseudostems.Genus name honors Antonia Musa, Roman physician of the 1st century B.C.Specific epithet means tapering into a long narrow point.Zebrina (synonymous with Musa zebrina and Musa acuminata subsp. Though they grow as high as trees, banana and plantain plants are not woody and their apparent "stem" is made up of the bases of the huge leaf stalks. Members of the Cannaceae have distributions in the warm American tropics. Supervolute ptyxis. It is divided into several subspecies (see section below). 3 genera (Phenakospermum, Ravenala, Strelitzia)/7 species. Interestingly, F. oxysporum forma specialis consists of multiple, independent lineages that evolved polyphyletically through convergent evolution (Baayen et al., 2000; O'Donnell et al., 1998). Cladogram of the Zingiberales (after Kress et al. The average plant height of the selected clone is approximately 230cm, compared to 315cm of its originator Zelig. Worldwide distribution of some banana cultivars according to their genomic group and subgroup. Control of its ripening determines both the fruit quality and the shelf life. Here we describe the draft sequence of the 523-megabase genome of a Musa acuminata doubled-haploid genotype, providing a crucial stepping-stone for genetic improvement of banana. Avocados (Persea americana), bananas (Musa acuminata), and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are examples of berries. The rambutan fruit tree Nephelium lappaceum L. is native to the Malay-Indonesian region. WebMusa acuminata belongs to the family Musaceae, in the order Zingiberales. The height of the pseudostem (from the base of the pseudostem to the emerging point of the peduncle) is 2.7-2.8 m. Leaf sheath possessing brown black mark. The family Musaceae has three genera, Musa, Ensete and Musella (Constantine and Another study detected 17 segmental duplication events and two tandem duplication events that expanded the Musa acuminata NAC gene family (Li et al., 2020). However, the diploid genomic becomes important because it is a source of resistance and tolerance alleles to biotic and abiotic stress (Jenny et al., 2003). They are followed by edible yellow bananas. Extracts of O. stamineus and its active compound sinensetin inhibit activities of -glucosidase and -amylase. The family Musaceae has three genera, Musa, Ensete and Musella (Constantine and Rossel, 2001), of which Musa is represented by 65 species encompassing the wild and domesticated bananas and plantains. D. Flower close-up, showing inner and outer tepals and inferior ovary. Marantaceae. Options for overwintering include: (1) Bring container indoors in fall before first frost and place in a large sunny room for overwintering as a houseplant, with reduced water and fertilization; (2) If plant is too large to bring inside as a houseplant, cut foliage back to 6-8 in fall after first frost, and store container in a cool, dark, frost-free corner of the basement until spring. Septal nectaries are absent and replaced by two epigynous nectaries. Musa species are used as food plants by the larvae of some L Economic importance includes ornamental cultivars of Canna spp. Conventionally, the haploid contributions of the respective species to the cultivars are noted with the letters A and B. Pronunciation: MEW-suh species Common name (s): banana Family: Musaceae USDA hardiness zones: 9B through To analyze the roles of distinct SOD genes under various stresses, a detailed characterization and analysis of the SOD gene family in Cavendish banana is indispensable. ZINGIBERALES. (shell ginger). WebMusa acuminata, called Cavendish banana, is a large, fast-growing, suckering, evergreen plant that typically grows to 12-20 tall in the tropics. The long green "fingers" are the female flowers' ovaries which will ripen into bananas. Thus, the genome with eleven chromosomes (2n=22) is characteristic of Eumusa and Rhodoclamys, while ten chromosomes (2n=20) is found in Callimusa and also from Australimusa. They are rich in carbohydrates as the dessert banana, firmer and less valued as a fresh product even when mature, as they still contain starch at this stage (Valmayor et al., 2000). AC. Female flowers of the dwarf banana. WebMusa acuminata: Cultivar group: Cavendish subgroup of the AAA Group: Cultivar group members: See text: Unripe cavendish bananas. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. Plants are insect-pollinated. The R2R3-MYB gene family in banana (Musa acuminata): Genome-wide identification, classification and expression patterns. The Zingiberaceae consist of perennial herbs. Taking into consideration the relevant role of the LRR-RLP class of R genes to provide protection to extracellular fungal pathogens related to Foc or P. fijiensis, a genome-wide analysis of the LRR-RLP gene family in the wild banana Musa acuminata ssp. 1820; M. cavendishii Lamb. Soils are exciting environmental laboratories. C. Taxa with pendant inflorescences. The Garden wouldn't be the Garden without our Members, Donors and Volunteers. WebMusa acuminata, called Cavendish banana, is a large, fast-growing, suckering, evergreen plant that typically grows to 12-20 tall in the tropics. The use of soils is also important for recreation. This range is also valid worldwide. Banana plants are derived from three genera (Musa, Ensette and Musella) under the same family, but they universally comprise several species in Musa (Mathew & Negi, 2017).Almost all the identified cultivars of banana are derived from two diploid species, namely, Musa acuminata (A genome) and catecholamines (Kanazawa and Sakakibara, 2000), phenolics (Verde-Mendez et al., 2003), and carotenoid compounds (Van den Berg et al., 2000), as well as pyridoxine (vitamin B6Leklem, 1999). Bananas and plantains including lakatan banana are adapted to the warm and humid tropics and subtropics between latitudes 30N and 30S. They are followed by edible yellow bananas. Musa acuminata is a wild, seeded banana, which belongs to the section Eumusa. (canna lily) and a source of starch (from rhizome of Canna edulis). Together, these studies have shown that the ARF gene family is involved in regulating plant growth and development, and in plant responses to multiple signaling transduction pathways. Banana ( Musa acuminata, AAA group) is a representative climacteric fruit with essential nutrients and pleasant flavors. Note distichous leaves. sapientum var. 40 species. The presence of several vitamins (vitamin A; vitamins B 1, B 2, B 3, and B 6; and vitamin C) and minerals (especially potassium) and a good quantity of starch and fiber enhance the nutritional value I. Currently, three major commercial drug classes of antifungal agents (i.e., azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes) are available (http://www.f2g.com/antifungal-market) and most of these drugs perturb cell membrane integrity. In addition, there is one specie for which the relevant section has yet to be determined, i.e. Generally, banana production is based on triploid cultivars. The leaves are large, basal, spiral, sheathing (with the long, sheathing leaf bases overlapping, forming a pseudostem), a petiole (sometimes termed a pseudopetiole) present in Musa, lacking in Ensete, simple (often tearing in several places perpendicular to the midrib), and penni-parallel-veined. Descriptions of families below are in phy-logenetic order. GI. it is used for growing potatoes. First, the genetic uniformity of these plants facilitates the spread of diseases on banana plants. The leaf sheathes overlap to form a trunk-like In St. Louis, plants may be grown directly in the ground (if dug in fall), in containers or as houseplants (dwarf varieties especially). Main body Generally, several studies validate By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Rene J. Herrera, Ralph Garcia-Bertrand, in Ancestral DNA, Human Origins, and Migrations, 2018, Banana ranks close to rice, wheat, and maize in terms of their importance as a food plant; however, the domestication of the banana remains complex and indirect. Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day). Canna generalis (canna-lily). This accords with the transformation potential and also the abiotic potential of storing, infiltrating and delivering water and cleaning air, and it also applies to the recreation potential. If one asks, which principal possibilities soils have to serve for humans and in the environment, three groups of potential can be identified: These are the biotic potentials, abiotic potentials and areal potentials (Table 1). The Musaceae consist of monoecious, perennial herbs. Recreation includes the admiration of nature, garden space, sports and playgrounds for children. In vitro plants produced from floral meristems showed greater frequencies of methylation in comparison to sucker meristems. Musa acuminata is a large perennial rhizomatous herb growing 5 to 9 feet. A non-redundant set of 154 MYB genes (MaMYB) is predicted to encode proteins with variable lengths mostly localised in the nucleus. Since 2006, no new class of antifungal agent has been approved (Denning & Bromley, 2015). Agroecology. The underground stems are rhizomatous (dichotomously branching in at least some), the aerial stems decumbent and herbaceous or arborescent and woody-textured. WebBinomial name. The R2R3-MYB genes comprise one of the largest transcription factor gene families in plants, playing regulatory roles in plant-specific developmental processes, defense responses and metabolite accumulation. Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers., Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger), and C. nucifera (coconut) reduce lipids in diabetic patients. Erect spikes of cream to yellow flowers adorned with showy bracts appear seasonally on mature plants (2-3 years old). AB. Banana belongs to the family Musaceae under the order of Zingiberales with two genera, Musa L. and Ensete Bruce . Seeds and leaf tissue were from a total of 80 populations of six different banana species, Musa balbisiana (14), M. acuminata (19), M. itinerans (26), M. paracoccinea (14), M. lutea (6), and M. haekkinenii (1) (Table 2). Members of the family have distributions in tropical South America, southern Africa, and Madagascar. )was used to group isolates that are capable of causing disease in a specific plant host (Baayen et al., 2000; O'Donnell et al., 1998). Family: Musaceae. In other words, the species' genes are distributed over 11 pairs Study Design: An experimental design is used as it is used mostly in formulating product, process development, sensory testing, Our knowledge gathered during the last 200years allows us to estimate the soil's potential much better as long as the soils are not heavily disturbed. The average bunch weight and finger size of Adi are both larger than Zelig (Khayat, 2010). ZINGIBERALES. A better understanding of the banana immune system should facilitate the development of new disease-resistant cultivars. FIGURE 7.57. Strelitzia nicolai, giant bird-of-paradise. breviformis. G. Leaves spiral, monistichous (borne along one row). Flowers are ebracteate, unisexual, zygomorphic, epigynous. 2022 Feb;60(1):204-222. doi: 10.1007/s10528-021-10100-8. Grapes are consumed as fresh and dried fruit or used to make wine. An in vitro bioassay was developed where a low concentration of GA3 was included in the growth medium during the elongation stage of the tissue culture. FH. A,B. The sweet, creamy fruit continues to ripen after harvest, turning from green and starchy to black-spotted yellow and sweet. Similar results were reported in rice where specific genes were mutated by transposition of Tos 17, a rice retrotransposon activated by tissue culture (Hirochika etal., 1996). Saba banana like other banana cultivars is best grown in warm but moist areas, with temperature ranging from 18C to 35C and mean annual rainfall of 2,500 mm evenly distributed throughout the year. The stems are subterranean, sympodial, rhizomatous to cormose, and hapaxanthic. Banana plants belong to the Musaceae family. Note large, subtending spathe and two visible flowers. N.C. The family Musaceae has three genera, Musa, Ensete and Musella (Constantine and Rossel, 2001), of E. Inflorescence, showing single stamen of flower. Use our water calculator to personalize watering recommendations to your environment or download Greg for more advanced recommendations for all of your plants. It was pointed out that the source of explants had an effect on the degree of polymorphism. The Cannaceae are distinguished from related families of the Zingiberales in having usually distichous leaves and flowers with one petaloid, monothecal stamen associated with 14 [5] petaloid staminodes. WebThe scientific names of most cultivated bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, and Musa paradisiaca for the hybrid Musa acuminata M. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. The fruits from subspecies AA and AAA are sweeter and include almost all the cultivars of current market importance. basjoo is great for the garden because it's the most hardy, however its banana's are inedible and the truck becomes fibrous and messy over time which doesn't lend itself well to indoor decor.. M. acuminata 'Dwarf Cavendish' is similar to M. basjoo as it lends itself well as a garden plant In temperate regions. malaccensis (DHont et al. To date MYB family genes have not yet been comprehensively 20 identified in the major staple fruit crop banana. It is one of the ancestors of modern cultivated bananas, along with Musa acuminata . Outdoor plants must be overwintered indoors, either as houseplants or by forcing plants into dormancy. Google Scholar was also used to supplement information. Consequently, opportunistic fungi have emerged as important causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients (Brandt & Park, 2013; Low & Rotstein, 2011). as a food source (esp. (Stover and Simmonds, 1987). Descriptions of species collected. The current global production of more than 100 million tons is based on large-scale vegetative propagation of a small number of genotypes, which derive from only a few ancient events. The Cavendish cultivar Masak Hijau is also called "Lacatan" in Latin America and the West Indies. As in dessert bananas, the pulp and peel of diverse plantain cultivars (Red Yade, Mbeta 1, Big Ebanga, Moto Ebanga, Batard, Essang, Mbouroukou no 1, and Mbouroukou no 3) also have phenolic compounds (Tsamo et al., 2015). Stem is unbranched pseudostem. The stems are rhizomatous and sympodial. Many species have their seed bank in the soil, which means their reproduction is closely connected with the soil. Note: Source: Bakry et al. They belong to the family Musaceae and various species of the genus Musa have been cultivated since time immemorial, and used as a source of fiber, foods, Musa acuminata provides the AA genome while Musa balbisiana provides the BB genome (Heslop-Harrisons and Swarzacher 2007). A parking place for a car is generally more expensive than the equivalent area for growing wheat, which could be produced on it. Musa acuminata was first described by the Italian botanist Luigi Aloysius Colla in the book Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino (1820). Palanisamy et al. Common name: Dwarf banana. F. oxysporum is an economically important filamentous fungus in the phylum Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes, order Hypocreales, family Nectriaceae, and genus Fusarium. The edible banana (eaten as dessert) and F. Monothecal anther, close-up. Plants tolerate and often appreciate some part shade or light filtered sun in the heat of the day. Container plants cut close to the ground in fall each year may never flower. Site plants in areas protected from strong winds which can severely damage the large leaves. Therefore, the occurrence of papillae on the abaxial bract surface of M. x sapientum L. and their absence in M. x paradisiaca L., as well as the occurrence of calcium oxalate crystals in the adaxial epidermis of Musa acuminata Colla and the absence in M. x paradisiaca L. can be used as taxonomic informations to distinguish the triploids (Osuji, 2006). banksii, M. acuminata var. F. oxysporum constitutes a large species complex (hereafter FOSC) that is widely distributed in diverse environments, including soil, indoors, and aquatic habitats (Bell & Khabbaz, 2013; Brandt & Park, 2013; Palmero et al., 2009). Plant Sci., 7 (2016), p. 299, 10.3389/fpls.2016.00299. FIGURE 7.54. bantamensis and M. acuminata var. All soils are part of an environment. Cavendish banana Musa acuminata , is one of the endemic plants in North Sulawesi, particularly Minahasa. [2] Musa paradisiaca is the accepted name for the hybrid between Based on its host specificity, an artificial naming systemforma specialis (f. WebThe Lakatan banana is a diploid ( AA) cultivar. Musa acuminata is diploid, that is it has two sets of chromosomes. These discrepancies could stem from differences in the sensitivity to BAP of different genotypes. Wild Musa acuminata is diploid with 2 n =2 x =22 chromosomes, while cultivated varieties ( cultivars) are mostly triploid (2 n =3 x =33) and parthenocarpic, producing fruit without seeds. The most familiar dessert banana cultivars belong to the Cavendish subgroup. Photo by Terri Greene, Dec13-2018. WebMusa acuminata, called Cavendish banana, is a large, fast-growing, suckering, evergreen plant that typically grows to 12-20 tall in the tropics. triploid forms of Musa acuminata and the triploid hybrid Musa paradisiaca); Musa textilis (Manila-hemp, abac) and Musa basjoo are used as a fiber source for twine, textiles, and building materials. (Figures 7.59B, 7.61). H. Close-up of fruit, a capsule. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Ancestral DNA, Human Origins, and Migrations, An engineering view to micropropagation and generation of true to type and pathogen-free plants, Hwang, 1986; Cote et al., 1993; Krikorian et al., 1993; Khayat etal., 2004, Soil functions, soil potential uses and ecosystem services, Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, O'Donnell, Kistler, Cigelnik, & Ploetz, 1998, Price, Parker, Warrilow, Kelly, & Kelly, 2015, Al-Hatmi, Hagen, Menken, Meis, & de Hoog, 2016, Short, O'Donnell, Zhang, Juba, & Geiser, 2011, http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/antifungal-resistance.html, Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants, (Artwork by Ida Lopez, by permission of W. J. * = missing stamen. * = missing stamen. The impact of this disease was demonstrated in its first epidemics in the 1950s, which almost destroyed banana production based on the Gros Michel cultivar. WebGenome-Wide Identification and Transcript Analysis of TCP Gene Family in Banana (Musa acuminata L.) Biochem Genet . Koriem (2014) stated that Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extracts improve memory, lower cholesterol and decrease lipid peroxidation in diabetic rat models. Banana is frost sensitive. acuminata, M. acuminata var. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs). Flowers. Economic importance includes some species used as ornamental culti-vars, e.g., Strelitzia reginae (bird-of-paradise) and S. nicolai (tree bird-of-paradise). It thrives best in areas with mean annual temperature of 2630C. Web0.8 cups. P (3+3) A 1 fertile + 2 + (2) petaloid staminodes G (3), inferior. Pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates have an exceptional ability to penetrate host tissues. WebTo determine MYB gene family members associated with stress in the major starch crop banana (Musa acuminata Colla) a genome-wide analysis was made. However, the Australimusa distribution and variability are lesser than the Eumusa. The four terminal families of the Zingiberales make up a monophyletic assemblage, commonly known as the ginger group; their phylogenetic interrelationships are well-accepted (Figure 7.54). (ginger-lily). In stage II micropropagators aim at high proliferation of unrooted propagules. In this review, we present an overview of F. oxysporum pathogenicity in the phylogenomic framework of the genus Fusarium. 1300 species. You may do so in Listed as one of the top 10 most economically damaging fungal pathogens, F. oxysporum challenges the production of numerous economically important crops, including banana (Musa acuminata), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), canola (Brassica napus), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) (Ma, Geiser, et al., 2013). The pathogenicity of F. oxysporum is highly host specific; a single pathogenic form usually infects a single plant species. Taxonomically, it is included in subkingdom Viridiplantae, division Tracheophyta, subdivision Spermatophytina, order Zingiberales, family Musaceae and is known as Musa acuminata Colla (www.theplantlist.org, www.itis.gov). Here we describe the draft sequence of the 523-megabase genome of a Musa acuminata doubled-haploid genotype, providing a crucial stepping-stone for genetic halabanensis, M. acuminata subsp. Red Banana (Musa Acuminata Colla AAA) is a fruit from genus Musa. WebAim: To analyse the phytochemical and nutrient content of banana peel extract and incorporate in cake to enhance the bioactive properties. are diploid, triploid and tetraploid hybrids derived from Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. Whereas most of the cultivars come from the genomes of Musa acuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla, it became almost impossible to point which is the banana species. Agroecology. WebMusa acuminata (Banana) is a large, fast-growing, suckering evergreen perennial boasting huge, paddle-shaped leaves, up to 6-10 ft. long (180-300 cm). In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of Note distichous, sheathing, cauline leaves. An elongated, peelable fruit with creamy flesh. One obvious apomorphy is the occurrence of leaves with penni-parallel venation (Figures 7.57A, 7.58A). Increased levels of COX-2 are correlated with the occurrence and progression of colon cancer. Whether grown outdoors in the landscape or indoors as a houseplant, bananas (even dwarf cultivars) need lots of space. It is best noted for its large green leaves splashed with burgundy-red blotches and for its reddish trunk-like pseudostem. Costaceae, Costus spp. Canna-Lily family (Gr. 81 Citations 61 Altmetric Metrics Abstract Banana cultivars ( Musa ssp.) WebMusa Species: acuminata Family: Musaceae Life Cycle: Perennial Country Or Region Of Origin: Southeast Asia; Whole Plant Traits: Plant Type: Edible Herbaceous Perennial; Staminodes are 4, petaloid, the two in the inner whorl connate, forming an anterior labellum, the two in the outer whorl distinct above the floral tube or fused to labellum (the third member of the outer whorl absent). Positive fungal cultures were recovered from the blood samples of more than 50% of infected patients, even though most infections began with either skin lesions or inhalation of airborne organisms (Nucci et al., 2013). We describe how the phylogenomic framework based on a clear understanding of genomic structure elucidates the evolution of pathogenicity within the FOSC. (2011) reported that rambutan fruit rind was significantly more effective in inhibiting the carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes -glucosidase (EC50=2.7g/mL) and -amylase (EC50=70.8g/mL) than the commercial antidiabetic drug acarbose (EC50=3500g/mL, -glucosidase; EC50=12g/mL, -amylase). That crisis was resolved by replacing Gros Michel with the race 1-resistant cultivar Cavendish (Ploetz, 2015). The methods used to cook bananas and plantains do not generally entail elaborate processes, being prepared by boiling or steaming, baking or roasting and frying. The basic chromosome number is 11. 2012). microcarpa, M. acuminata subsp. Leaves and stems of all members of the order have diaphragmed air chambers (Figure 7.55C) and possess silica cells (although the latter is not apomorphic for this order alone). A somaclonal mutant of Zelig, (a Cavendish selection), registered under the name Adi, was selected for a combined low stature and large bunch. Heliconiaceae, Heliconia spp., all with showy bracts. A study of 1000 samples from the US Department of Agriculture52 detected limited genetic diversity in wine grapes due to thousands of years of widespread vegetative propagation. Dessert bananas have firm pulp when the fruit is not ripe and soft pulp during its maturation (Kajuna et al., 1997). The biotic potentials are related to the existence and growth of plants, animals and microorganisms, which need the soil as a living space to deliver food and energy. Asia, especially Indomalaysia. Except in India and Southeast Asia, where while dessert bananas are consumed in large quantities, the use of cooked bananas and plantains is not so widespread (FAO, 2014). (2001) and Johansen (2005) for phylogenetic analyses of this group. It is hardy to UK zone 9 and is frost tender. However, the soils might have been used in such a way that the potential is destroyed or reduced over time. F. Flower close-up (removed), showing inferior ovary, outer and inner tepals, and showy, petaloid staminodes.
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