Names of Jewish donors to Persian synagogues in Los Angeles Jews were not allowed to attend public baths with Muslims or even to go outside in rain or snow, ostensibly because some impurity could be washed from them upon a Muslim. Abbas the Great, the 5th Shah of Iran. 118- 119. In the 1950s, Roben Farzad's uncle changed the family's last name from the Persian Jewish surname Sarahkhatoon, meaning "Lady Sarah," to the more common surname Farzad. Jewish parents name their children for (departed) loved ones, for special events, or choose any Jewish name that they find beautiful.A Jewish baby boy's name is given at his circumcision, and a baby girl's name is traditionally conferred at the Torah . In the Book of Esther, Haman is described as an Agagite noble and vizier of the Persian Empire under Persian King Ahasuerus, generally identified by biblical scholars as possibly being Xerxes I in the 6th century BCE. 22); it is not, however, specified which Arsaces (Arsaces I or Asaces II). Although Mossadegh viewed the establishment of the state of Israel as a form of colonialism, he had a good relationship with the Jewish community. [95] The appointment, however, provoked resentment from the Muslim clergy. The cultural transition wasn't easy. As part of our series, we also wrote about Latin-Jewish cooking and music. "[40], In 1868, British charg d'affaires in Iran Sir William Taylour Thomson[41] wrote Iranian Jews are "mostly very poor and excepting in Tehran and some major cities, are much prosecuted and oppressed by the Mahometans (muslims). Mehrzad Boroujerdi; Kourosh Rahimkhani. The biblical books of Chronicles, Isaiah, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, contain references to the life and experiences of Jews in Persia. Terua, Oral history of Persian Jewry, Homa Sarshar, Center for Iranian Jewish oral history, 1993, pp. Marc Rich, an Israeli-Swiss businessman, sent his Glencore executives to Tehran and established major commercial ties with the new government. [72] David Littman puts the total figure of emigrants to Israel in 19481978 at 70,000. [3] "Aidan/Aiden" was the most popular boys' name in Canada in 2007. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. [87][88] On many occasions, Rich helped Mossad agents in Iran. Thus, many Jews welcomed the Arab armies with open arms. He expressed an interest in purchasing irrigation pipes, pesticides and fertilizers. Religious, Traditional, Strong Abolfazl Abolfazl is rare in the States. Hebrew: Could be a form of Adam, meaning "man". [63], Reza Shah prohibited mass conversion of Jews and eliminated the Shi'ite concept of ritual uncleanness of non-Muslims. "[42], Often, Iranian central government wished to help the Jews, but did not have enough influence in places where local rulers and Shia clergy were powerful. The last name Sarahkhatoon . History is a defining force for Jews in Iran and their diaspora. This baby boy's title refers to someone pure and innocent in his behavior. Arabic Baby Names, Hebrew Baby Names, Muslim Baby Names, Persian Baby Names, Yiddish Baby Names, American Baby Names: Asha: Protector of fire. Bahram Shahrukh, who was employed by German radio, performed fiery anti-Jewish broadcasts every night. Furthermore, AJII's charter declared that the organization is at war with racism including antisemitism. Berke, Richard L. (February 23, 2001). [105] According to the Iranian census, the Jewish population of Iran was 8,756 in 2012/2013,[106][107] and 9,826 in 2016. Stern who was a Jewish-Christian missionary wrote that all merchants in Vakil Bazaar are ethnic Jews who, in order to save themselves from death, rebuke the faith of their fathers constantly. (This has apparently been changed as of February 4, 2015. It declared that AJII was at war with imperialism in its all forms, including Zionism. Outcaste: Jewish life in southern Iran, Laurence D. Loeb, 1977, page 133, Gordon and Breach. [citation needed] Modern Hebrew was incorporated into the curriculum of Jewish schools and Jewish newspapers were published. Mohammad-Taqi Bahar wrote the following to warn Mohammad Reza Pahlavi about him: O King, let me tell you about the wickedness of Foroughi. Furthermore, even though Reza Shah was sympathetic to the Jews in the beginning, he became distrustful of Jewish movements with the growth of Zionism. Hitler personally promised that if he defeats Russia, he will return all of the Persian land taken by Russians during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During an interview with Mike Wallace in 1976, Shah spoke of a highly organized and influential Jewish lobby in the United States that controls banking, politics and media and is pushing people around for the interests of Israel. Meaning: Lion Pronunciation: ah-BAHSS Namesakes: Abbas Attar, an Iranian photographer. Jewish film producer Haroun Yashayaei is active in arguing on behalf of a benevolence view of the Iranian Islamic government and society toward Jews. Almost all the religious leaders of the Jewish community such as Yedidia Shofet, Uriel Davidi, David Shofet, Yosef Hamadani Cohen, Rabbi Baalnes, and Rabbi Yadegaran participated in the protests. [76][77] In summer of 1978, 7,000 Jews protested against the Shah in Ashura protests. There is even an account that indicates the conversion of a small number of Parthian vassal kings of Adiabene to Judaism. [103], About 95% have since migrated, with the immigration accelerating after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, when the population dropped from around 100,000 to about 40,000. Share your ideas on Jewish cross-cultural interactions with us. At the time, most of the public hospitals would report the wounded revolutionaries to SAVAK but Dr. Sapir's hospital was the only hospital to treat without informing the SAVAK agents. She says there is tremendous diversity within the Persian Jewish community. Roben Farzad and his mother in their 1978 visa photo [6] However, a Library of Congress country study on Iran states that "Over the centuries the Jews of Iran became physically, culturally, and linguistically indistinguishable from the non-Jewish population. Under the pretext of their being unclean, they are treated with the greatest severity and should they enter a street, inhabited by Mussulmans, they are pelted by the boys and mobs with stones and dirt. Yet, the tolerance of the Arsacid dynasty was as legendary as the first Persian dynasty, the Achaemenids. [24], At the time of Islamic conquest of Persia, Jews were heavily under the pressure of the Sassanid rulers. Roben Farzad and his family fled Iran for America at the end of 1978. Arman - Persian. He further arrested Shmuel Hayyim and had him executed in 1931 under the charges of conspiracy to murder the Shah and change the form of government from constitutional monarchy to a republic. This was undertaken with the stimulus of the earnest counsels and admonitions of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah. [119] In 2021, Iran's chief rabbi condemned the 2020 US assassination of Qasem Soleimani; in 2022 the Tehran Central Jewish Committee condemned the ongoing Mahsa Amini protests, saying "The community declares that it has always obeyed the position of the supreme leader" (referring to the Ayatollah Ali Khamenei). "[121] Later on, two weeks before the festival of Purim, Khamenei proclaimed that if Israel attacks Iranian nuclear facilities, Iran would retaliate against Jewish communities in the diaspora.[122]. Kingly or rich. Even though Jews comprised less than 2 percent of Iranian population, almost fifty percent of the members of the Tudeh party were Jewish. "[66], In 1936, the head of Reichsbank and the financial mastermind of Nazi Germany travelled to Tehran and many important commercial agreements were signed between the two countries. Ynet reported that Israeli-Iranian trade, conducted covertly and illegally by dozens of Israeli companies, totals tens of millions of dollars a year. Contains. "[50], One European traveler in 1880 wrote: "Hatred [harboured by the gentiles of Kermanshah] toward the Jews is not as overdone as in central Persia". Generally, it was the mother who chose the name, as in the case of Jacob's sons, but there were occasions on which the father chose the child's name, such as in Genesis . For the next 400 years, Jewish musicians performed at various life cycle ceremonies throughout Iran. According to rabbinical sources, Shapur II's mother was Jewish, and this gave the Jewish community relative freedom of religion and many advantages. In Shiraz they are very badly off. Formerly common only in Ireland, Scotland and Wales, the name and its variants have become popular in Europe, the United States, Israel, Persia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Canada. These instances and others show not only the tolerance of Parthian kings, but is also a testament to the extent to which the Parthians saw themselves as the heir to the preceding empire of Cyrus the Great. hide caption, In 2010, the Los Angeles City Council officially named the corner of Westwood Boulevard and Wilkins Avenue "Persian Square.". Traditional Persian names for boys are often chosen to honor family members. In 40 BC, the Jewish puppet-king, Hyrcanus II, fell into the hands of the Parthians who cut off his ears in order to render him unfit for rulership. The Persian Jewish communities include the ancient (and until the mid-20th century still-extant) communities not only of Iran, but also the Azerbaijani, Armenian, Georgian, Iraqi, Bukharan, and Mountain Jewish communities.[1][2][3][4][5]. In 1881, Sir William Taylour Thomson finally succeeded to force the Shah to abolish the Jizya tax for the Persian Jewry.[39]. [115] Most Iranian Jews say that they view Iran as their home and are allowed to practice Judaism freely, but there is suspicion and fear too. The cuneiform script mandates cultural and religious tolerance, respect and equality within his kingdom. According to the Hebrew Bible (See Jehoiakim; Ezra; Nehemiah and Jews) more than forty thousand are said to have availed themselves of the privilege, however this is not supported by modern scholarship. [116] Despite their Pro-Iranian stance and their refusal to travel to Israel,[117] the Jews of Iran are denounced for betraying Iran by showing loyalty to Israel. Javon: Removed from list. Should the owner make the least opposition in defense of his property, he incurs the danger of atoning for it with his life. The Advocate: America's Jewish Journal, Volume 59,1920, Page 178. The original Persian text has been translated into Judeo-Persian in this 17th-century manuscript. [70], The Six-Day War between Arabs and Israel in 1967 created a tense environment for Persian Jewry. "[7] In 2012, Iran's official census reported 8,756 Jewish citizens, a decline from 25,000 in 2009.[8]. Sir William Taylour Thomson contacted Iranian authorities about this matter and a levy tax was imposed on all Muslim population of the city. Thus, then, the numerous Jewish subjects were provided with a central authority which assured an undisturbed development of their own internal affairs. At the time of the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, there were approximately 140,000150,000 Jews living in Iran, the historical center of Persian Jewry. Jahan: Removed from list. [14] In religious matters the Babylonians, like the rest of the Diaspora, were dependent upon the Land of Israel and Jerusalem in particular, to which they were expected to travel in order to observe the festivals. Iran Facing Others: Identity Boundaries in a Historical Perspective, Abbas Amanat, Farzin Vejdani, Palgrave Macmillan, Feb 14, 2012, page 232. The JDC of Philadelphia donated another 10,000 dollars in September 1918. [61], In 1921, United States appointed Joseph Saul Kornfeld, a Jewish Rabbi, as its ambassador to Persia. Thus the casualty of famine amongst the Persian Jews was minimal in comparison to Persian gentiles. Refine your search Baby Names Finder. The first exile was in the time of Jehoiachin in 597 BC, when the Temple of Jerusalem was partially despoiled and a number of the leading citizens exiled. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pages in category "Persian masculine given names" The following 81 pages are in this category, out of 81 total. Babak - Persian. The contemporary Christian historian Bar Hebraeus wrote that of the violence committed against the Jews during that period "neither tongue can utter, nor the pen write down". People started beating the Jew. * Nightline was especially significant to Iranian immigrants because it had its beginnings when revolutionaries stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehran and took Americans hostage for 444 days. 50 Persian Baby Names By Christine Coppa Updated on November 02, 2022 Fact checked by Cara Lustik Hany Bahgat / Getty Images A Afshin Aftab Arash (name) Armin Arslan Arya (name) Ashk (given name) Aza (given name) B Babak (given name) Bahram (name) Bakhtiar (name) Barbak Bardiya Jewish board of deputees sent gratitude to William Taylour Thomson for intervening on behalf of the Jews.[43]. The name conferred upon a person in early Biblical times was generally connected with some circumstance of that person's birthseveral of Jacob's sons are recorded as having received their names in this manner (Genesis 30). Beit Hatfutsot The Museum of the Jewish People, Tel Aviv, Israel, A Jewish marriage contract from Mashhad, Iran, in the 17th century. Book of Ezra, 1:14, The Bible states that Cyrus ordered the rebuilding of the Second Temple in the same place as the first but died before it was completed. [72] An important factor in economic improvement of the Jews was close relations between the Shah and the state of Israel. In one incident of this type in Hamedan in 1875, an argument occurred between a Jewish goldsmith and a customer, eventually a crowd gathered and the goldsmith was accused of blaspheming Islam, a crime worthy of capital punishment in Islamic legal law. He tells visitors and reporters the Ayatollah "Ruhollah Khomeini didn't mix up our community with Israel and Zionism," and "Take it from me, the Jewish community here faces no difficulties. His main purpose was to fight communism, but he distrusted Zionism as well. [112]) Criticism of this policy was the downfall of the last remaining newspaper of the Iranian Jewish community, which was closed in 1991 after it criticized government control of Jewish schools. He went to England and met with Moses Montefiore, who provided "certificates" against the accusations of the Jews.[56]. Jewish sources report that many gentiles tried to invade the Jewish ghetto and were dispersed by the police. And in any locality where survivors may now be living, the people are to provide them with silver and gold, with goods and livestock, and with freewill offerings for the temple of God in Jerusalem.'" However this Zionist awakening led to bitter rivalry between two leaders of Jewish community: Loqman Nehourai and Shmuel Hayyim. Rashid al-Din's case illustrates a pattern that differentiated the treatment of Jewish converts in Persia from their treatment in most other Muslim lands, where converts were welcomed and easily assimilated into the Muslim population. [64] In 1915, two Jewish brothers, Mordechai and Asher ben Avaraham, opened the first Jewish newspaper called "Shalom". Shushandukht secured many benefits for the Jewish community and ordered construction of Jewish neighborhoods in Shushtar, Susa, Hamedan and Isfahan. Between Foreigners and Shiis: Nineteenth-Century Iran and its Jewish Minority, Daniel Tsadik, page 119, Stanford University Press, 2007. Roben went on to graduate from Princeton University and Harvard Business School and has been a contributor to Businessweek, PBS and NPR. According to the Bible, the Kingdom of Israel (or Northern Kingdom) was one of the successor states to the older United Monarchy (also called the Kingdom of Israel), which came into existence in about the 930s BC after the northern Tribes of Israel rejected Solomon's son Rehoboam as their king. After the overthrow of Babylonia by the Achaemenid Empire, Cyrus the Great gave the Jews permission to return to their native land (537 BC). Outcaste: Jewish life in southern Iran, Laurence D. Loeb, 1977, page 24, Gordon and Breach. Nightly newspapers were distributed in Tehran and swastikas were often painted on Jewish homes and shops. [37] However Aqa Muhammad Khan's successor, Fath-Ali Shah Qajar did not trust Haji Ebrahim and had him executed. Today he lives with his wife and two children in Richmond, Va. an Iranian Jew in the former capital of the Confederacy. He further wrote that many took musical instruments to make a feast. The history of the Jews in Iran dates back to late biblical times (mid-1st millennium BC). Later, Hajj Ebrahim's daughter married the new prime minister and formed the influential Qavam family which remained influential in Iran for at least two centuries. After Shiism became the dominant creed of Islam in the 16th century, he says, all non-liturgical music was banned in Iran. [51] In 1860, Rabbi Y. Fischel said about the Jews of Isfahan as beaten "from all sides by the gentiles."[52]. Jews trace their heritage in Iran to the Babylonian captivity of the 6th century BC and have retained their ethnic, linguistic, and religious identity. In 1939, Nazi Germany sent over 7500 books with racial tones advocating for greater collaboration between Aryan Persians and Germans. In 2021 383 baby boys were named Ahmad. It inspired the establishment of Zionist organizations in Iran like this one, circa 1920. lecturer at California State University, Northridge. At nights in the royal assembly, the chief Mulla (Rabbi) of the kingdom [Mulla-Bashi] would read and interpret for the king, sometimes from the Torah and sometimes from the Psalms, which the king enjoyed greatly. Israel supplies Iran with fertilizer, irrigation pipes, hormones for milk production, seeds, and fruit; Iran, meanwhile, provides Israel with marble, cashews, and pistachios. Haman and his wife Zeresh instigated a plot to murder all the Jews of ancient Persia. On Purim 1941, Shahrukh promoted the idea of revenge for the massacre of the Purim in biblical times, and suggested his Iranian followers to attack the Jews. [118] However, Iranian Jews are allowed to visit Israel (Even though Iranian passport holders are legally barred from doing so), often through Turkey, and return back. Iran, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Christian Science Monitor: "Jews in Iran Describe a Life of Freedom Despite Anti-Israel Actions by Tehran", Iranian Jews in U.S. recall their own difficult exodus as they cling to heritage, building new communities, Negaresh Sevom Iranian Jewish Cultural, Social and Analytical Website (Persian), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Iran&oldid=1167107842, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles containing Persian-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, History articles needing translation from Persian Wikipedia, Articles needing cleanup from August 2022, Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2022, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from August 2022, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2023, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from May 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0. That vile Jew will make you suffer greatlyhe will write your coronation and dismissal speech, just as he wrote them for your father (Reza Shah). Persian Baby Names: Assim: Great one. The Times of Israel said these statements may be motivated by the remaining Iranian Jews trying to prevent being targeted themselves by the regime. Shapur I (Or Shvor Malka, which is the Aramaic form of the name) was friendly to the Jews. Another European traveler reported a degrading ritual to which Jews were subjected for public amusement: At every public festivaleven at the royal salaam [salute], before the King's facethe Jews are collected, and a number of them are flung into the hauz or tank, that King and mob may be amused by seeing them crawl out half-drowned and covered with mud. James Stuart Olson, Lee Brigance Pappas, Nicholas Charles Pappas. Between Foreigners and Shiis: Nineteenth-Century Iran and its Jewish Minority, Daniel Tsadik, page 119 & 126, Stanford University Press, 2007. In Bushire they are prosperous and free from persecution. We live every day, hour and moment of our lives in constant dread of some new tragedy which they might bring upon us. [96][97][98], Driven by persecutions, thousands of Persian Jews emigrated to Palestine in the late 19th and early 20th century. As of 2006, only two sisters remain. Toggle The Second Temple period subsection, Toggle Safavid and Qajar dynasties (1502 to 1925) subsection, Toggle Pahlavi dynasty (1925 to 1979) subsection, Safavid and Qajar dynasties (1502 to 1925), Jewish community's international relations, After the establishment of the state of Israel, Under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (19411979). A Dutch traveller to Shiraz at the time of Karim Khan states: "Like most of the cities of the east, the Jews of Shiraz dwell in a separate quarter of their own, and they live, at least outwardly, in great poverty."[36]. The Qajars were also Shia Muslims and many Shia anti-Jewish laws were reinstated. Some Iranian Jews have found more liberal ways to express their religion, but others have become much more traditional since coming to America. Boy names Origin: Persian. 23. In the middle of the 19th century, J. J. Benjamin wrote about the life of Persian Jews: "they are obliged to live in a separate part of town for they are considered as unclean creatures. Jewish sources contain no mention of the Parthian influence and the name "Parthia" does not occur. A current exhibit at the Yeshiva University Museum in New York called "Light and Shadows" explores the artistic and cultural experience of Iranian Jews through rare archaeological artifacts. The Bible (2 Kings 18:11) reports that part of these ten lost tribes were expelled to the land of the Medes in modern-day Iran. Much of this trade is conducted through a third country. In 1860, Jews of Hamedan were accused of mocking the Ta'zieh ceremonies for Imam Husain, several of them were fined and some had their ears and noses cut off as punishment. xv. Hanameel was an Egyptian according to the Mishnah (Parah 3:5), and a Babylonian according to Josephus ("Ant." 4 min read Your pregnancy week by week 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 5 weeks 6 weeks 7 weeks 8 weeks 9 weeks 10 weeks 11 weeks 12 weeks 13 weeks 14 weeks 15 weeks 16 weeks 17 weeks 18 weeks 19 weeks 20 weeks 21 weeks 22 weeks 23 weeks 24 weeks 25 weeks 26 weeks 27 weeks Aidan has been the 57th most popular name in the United States since the start of the year 2000, bestowed on over 62,000 boys, while Aiden ranking 66th, has been used on over 51,000 boys. Starts with. The Ilkhanate considered all religions equal, and Mongol rulers abolished the unequal status of the dhimmi classes. He also argues that the archaeology suggests that the return was a "trickle", taking place over perhaps decades, resulting in a maximum population of perhaps 30,000. 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