[136][141], Many prominent art galleries are located in Vilnius. [458] The trolleybus network is one of the most extensive in Europe. [236] Its mayor is Robert Duchnevi from the Lithuanian Social Democratic Union. Vilnius became the birthplace of the Divine Mercy devotion when Saint Faustina began her mission under the guidance and discernment of her new spiritual director, blessed Micha Sopoko. Jono Pauliaus II gyvenimo knygoje? The university soon developed into one of the most important scientific and cultural centres in the region and the most notable scientific centre of the Commonwealth.[43]. [226][228], Before 2015, mayors were appointed by the council. Christianity has dominated in Lithuania since the Christianization of Lithuania in 1387, however Orthodoxy of the state's eastern residents and the growing importance of Judaism led to exemplary material manifestations of these religious communities (e.g. Primary and lower secondary education is mandatory in Lithuania. [319][306], Following the restoration of independence in 1990, the ethnic Lithuanian population in the city continued to grow in 2011 to 63.2% (337,000 residents), and in 2021 to 67,44% (373,513 inhabitants) according to the censuses.[308][323][324]. [72] The Council of Ambassadors and the international community (with the exception of Lithuania) recognized Polish sovereignty over Vilnius Region in 1923. [160], The first public film session in Vilnius was held in the Botanical Garden (now Bernardinai Garden) in July 1896. [352], Jonas Kubilius, long-term rector of the Vilnius University is known for works in Probabilistic number theory, Kubilius model, Theorem of Kubilius and TurnKubilius inequality bear his name. Angered city residents burned the monastery and killed all fourteen friars. The 2nd and 3rd Statutes of Lithuania consolidated Lithuanian Jews status as non-Christian and "common human" (non-noble). [445] Vilnius has six 5-star hotels, all located in the Vilnius Old Town. [30][45] These were connected with the central part as well as with industrial areas via expressway-like streets (so-called fast traffic streets) and by public transport, noticeably extensive network of trolleybuses (from 1956). The Ministry of Finance is located in Vilnius and is responsible for the development and enforcement of an efficient public financial policy with a view to ensuring the macroeconomic stability of the state and its economic growth. It is the seat of Lithuania's national government and the Vilnius District Municipality. The local sculptors emphasized the decorative features of the baroque, and the expressiveness and emotionality of the baroque was less characteristic in their works. Most of the population (95%) live in villages and 5% live in towns. It occupies 2129 square kilometres and has 23 civil parishes. [464], In 2014 a mobile app was launched with public transport tickets on smartphones. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. In 1522, he prepared and published the first printed book of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, titled the Little Traveller's Book (Ruthenian language: ). In 2017, the AROPE rate in rural areas was 37.2%, compared to 19.9% in cities. [185], One of the most important facts about the use of photography for scientific purposes is the second photoheliograph in the world (after London) installed in 1865 at the Vilnius University Astronomical Observatory, which was used to observe and photograph the sunspots. 28 July 2023 | 12:11. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the separation of crafts from agriculture accelerated; crafts have become an independent branch of the economy. [401] As of 1 July 2019, its electronic catalog has 1,140,708 bibliographic records. His writings have significant influence among Orthodox Jews to this day. [146] In 2018, the MO Museum was opened and is a personal initiative of Lithuanian scientists and philanthropists Danguol and Viktoras Butkus. During the 1960s, the nipiks area was named the New City Centre: the first city pedestrian zone organized and before the 1990 a number of buildings, including the largest shopping centre in what was then Lithuanian SSR, the highest and the largest hotel, planetarium, museum of Revolution, Pioneer's Palace as well as number of ministries of the Lithuanian SSR were built. A Lithuanian Army parade took place on 29 October 1939 through the city center. In 1962 all chapels, except four closest to the church, were destroyed by the Soviet authorities with dynamites overnight. Vilnius (/vlnis/ VIL-nee-s, Lithuanian:[vlns] (listen); previously known in English as Vilna, see other names) is the capital and the largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 593,436[14] as of 2023[update]. [234] The tradition of making Vilnius palms is dated to the times of St. Casimir, who is a patron saint of Lithuania and Lithuanian youth. The city and its surroundings were designated as a separate state, called the Republic of Central Lithuania. [205], The clothing trends changed in the late 18th century when almost all men already had shaved beards, short-haired hairstyles and began to wear trendy, blue, green or black tailcoats with open-fronts and waistcoats matched with white or yellowish trousers,[206] while the 18th century women's clothing fashion had almost no differences from the Western European fashion trends. [86] Two ghettos were set up in the old town centre for the large Jewish population the smaller one of which was "liquidated" by October. The authentic 19th century Vladislovas trausas environment was restored. After Lithuania formed a dual confederation with the Kingdom of Poland, Vilnius still remained as Lithuania's capital.[30]. [181], After the restoration of independence of Lithuania, theatre changed cardinally and sought to recreate a broken dialogue with spectators. Already in the 17th century Vilnius was known as a city of many religions. [210], Every year on 16 February (day of the Act of Independence of Lithuania) and on 11 March (day of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania) festive events are organized in Vilnius with official ceremonies conducted by the heads of state and the holy masses of the Lithuanian Catholic Church in the Vilnius Cathedral. [46][45], The city's growth lost its momentum for many years, but even despite this fact, at the end of the 18th century and before the Napoleon wars, Vilnius, with 56,000 inhabitants, entered the Russian Empire as its third-largest city. the Lord's and the Hail Mary prayers). There are 1163 villages and 5 towns (Nemenin, Bezdonys, Maiiagala, Micknai and umskas) in the district. [citation needed], In the 14th century, Lithuania was frequently invaded by the Teutonic Order. The A2 motorway, connecting Vilnius with Panevys, is a part of E272. Schools that create a positive culture help all students thrive. Constitution of 3 May 1791 and the Great Sejm Lithuanian manuscripts, Kociuszko Uprising Lithuanian notes). During the reign of Grand Dukes Butvydas and Vytenis, a city started emerging from a trading settlement and the first Franciscan Catholic church was built. [373] The Bank of Lithuania is also headquartered in Vilnius and fosters a reliable financial system and ensures sustainable economic growth. [187], In 1927, Jan Buhak in Vilnius established the first photography club in the present territory of Lithuania. 1633, at Church of St. Michael) are characterized by conditionality of forms, stylization. Single trip tickets have been replaced by 30 and 60-minute tickets. Veikti skaidriai, greitai ir bti atvirai gyventojams, sveiams, investuotojams. The university is divided into 14 faculties. The local sculptors took over only the iconographic scheme of the Renaissance tomb; their works (e.g. Upon awakening, the Duke asked the krivis (pagan priest) Lizdeika to interpret the dream. [340] The centre features 250 laboratories (24 open to the public) and can accommodate more than 700 researchers and students. He also translated and published the Jakub Wujek's Postilla Catholica in 1599 (both in Vilnius). Unemployment rates remained persistently high in the least developed regions (14.9% in Utena County as compared to 4.8% in Vilnius County). [272] However, poorer inhabitants and low income pensioners are often stopping the process adding to overall regionalistic policies of the politicians. Vilnius' location offered practical advantages: in the Lithuanian heartland at the confluence of two navigable rivers (Vilnia and Neris), surrounded by impenetrable forests and wetlands. [149] In 1805, Jzef Zawadzki bought the Vilnius Academy Press and founded the Jzef Zawadzki printing shop which continuously worked until 1939 and published books in multiple languages. [119] Temperature records have been kept since 1777. It is safe to say that I have been in Vilnius all my life, at least since I became conscious. [270], Valakampiai and Turniks are the city's most prestigious places with private houses quarters as plots there are sufficiently large, surrounded with the greenery, pines forests and are easily accessible from the city centre. In 1939, the Lithuanian authorities renamed it to Milda. Chromebook Insurance Form, Budget and Salary/Compensation Transparency Reporting, First Day of School - 1/2 Day for Students - Teacher Work Time, MSE Football Game vs. Davis Jr. High (Home), John R. Armstrong Performing Arts Center - JAPAC, Harry L. Wheeler Community Center & Administrative Offices. [256] Large part of this institution doctors and other personnel were awarded with medals for their assistance to victims during the January Events in 1991. [30] Despite the fact that almost whole Lithuania suffered from a large emigration after the restoration of independence in 1990, the number of residents in Vilnius remained almost unchanged (542,287 in 2001) and began to steadily grow every year since 2006 to 580,020 residents (as of 1 January 2020). During the Lithuanian Civil War of 13891392, Vytautas besieged and razed the city in an attempt to wrest control from Jogaila. [488] M-1, the first commercial radio station in Lithuania, started broadcasting from Vilnius in 1989. [426] The Calvary includes 20 brick chapels, seven wooden and one brick gate, and one bridge with a wooden chapel. As Armia Krajowa (AK) operated within the borders of interwar Poland, which overlapped with the Lithuanian lands, this caused clashes between both organisations. [329], Over the past 15 years, Lithuania has experienced the fastest convergence in the EU, but the benefits of economic growth are uneven across regions. [233], Vilnius district has a multinational population, of which 52% are Poles, 33% are Lithuanians and the rest of 16% are Russians, Belarusians and other nationalities residents (e.g. 19th century Vilnius was famous for performers as singer Kristina Gerhardi Frank a close friend of Mozart and Haydn (performed the main part at the premiere of The Creation by the latter), guitarist-virtuoso Marek Konrad Sokoowski, recognized as the best guitarist in Europe in the mid-19th century, and composer Stanisaw Moniuszko "the father of Polish national opera". [162] The first movie theaters were similar to theatre buildings and had boxes with more expensive tickets. [162] It was closed in 2002, demolished in 2017. All vaitai were Catholics. For other uses, see, Lithuanian Police officer, patrolling with a, Capitals of European states and territories, Early history and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Significant depictions in popular culture, Widespread use of the nickname from the 16th century to this day as a reference to the many Catholic churches and monasteries in Vilnius and overall religious atmosphere in the centre. Christmas, Easter, Saint John's Eve) are widely celebrated and employees have a days off. According to legend, Grand Duke Gediminas (c. 12751341) was hunting in the sacred forest near the Valley of ventaragis, near where the Vilnia River flows into the Neris River. frescoes in the Crypts of Vilnius Cathedral, decorated hymns books). Cathedral Square in Old Town is surrounded by a number of the city's most historically significant sites. [348], Vilnius Gediminas Technical University has three research centres in the Sunrise Valley: Civil Engineering Research Centre, Technology Centre for Building Information and Digital Modelling, Competence Centre of Intermodal Transport and Logistics. [379], On 14 October 1773, the Commission of National Education (Lithuanian: Edukacin komisija) was created by the Sejm of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth and the Grand Duke Stanisaw August Poniatowski, which supervised the Vilnius University, schools and was responsible for other educational matters in the Commonwealth. [339], Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology (Lithuanian: Fizini ir technologijos moksl centras) or FTMC is the largest scientific research institution in Lithuania, which specialises in laser technologies, optoelectronics, nuclear physics, organic chemistry, bio and nano technologies, electrochemical material science, electronics, and other scientific fields. While the Lithuanian National Drama Theatre, State Small Theatre of Vilnius, State Youth Theatre and a number of private theatre companies, including OKT / Vilnius City Theatre, Anelika Cholina Dance Theatre and others, show classical, modern and Lithuanian playwriting directed by world-known Lithuanian and foreign directors. [129], At the late 18th and 19th centuries, Lithuanian painting was largely influenced by the Vilnius Art School, which introduced manifestations of Classicism art and later of Romanticism art. During war times, the night watch was performed by three jurisdictions magistrate, bishop and castle men. [413], Once widely known as Yerushalayim D'Lita (the "Jerusalem of Lithuania"), Vilnius, since the 18th century, was a world centre for Torah study, and had a large Jewish population. [287], Vilnius has thousands of years of demographics history as in the eldership of Vilkpd the remains of the Magdalenian culture settlement were found, which are dated to around 10,000 years BC. Marrus, Michael R. The Holocaust in History. Vilnius Justinas Vienoinskis Art School is another prominent art school in Vilnius. Three partitions took place, dividing its territory among the Russian Empire, the Habsburg Empire, and the Kingdom of Prussia. For the first time such restrictions were recorded in the Statute of Lithuania of 1588, according to which the townspeople were allowed to wear only two rings (one of them was the seal) while Jews were forbidden to adorn with gold chains and brooches (though, the Jewish women had more rights). [485], Vilnius TV Tower is located in Karoliniks microdistrict and transmits television signals to the whole of Vilnius. The Church of St. Michael and St. Constantine was built in 1913. Ivykstame i Vilniaus. There are several public swimming pools in Vilnius with Lazdynai Swimming Pool being the only Olympic-size swimming pool of the city. These, among others, include Franciscan martyrs of Vilnius, Orthodox martyrs Anthony, John, and Eustathius, Saint Casimir, Josaphat Kuntsevych, Andrew Bobola, Raphael Kalinowski, Faustina Kowalska, Jurgis Matulaitis-Matuleviius. GreatSchools is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Photographers ateliers (4 of 9) who participated in the January Uprising and photographed the rebels were closed, their images were annihilated and the authors were punished (e.g. More than 75,000 new flats were built between 1995 and 2018 (including almost 50,000 new flats between 2003 and 2018), making Vilnius an absolute leader in construction sector in the Baltics of the last two decades. [371] On 23 January 2019, the Europe's first international Blockchain Centre was opened in Vilnius. [128] Although, after the World War II the method of socialist realism was introduced propaganda paintings, compositions of historical, household genre, still lifes, landscapes, portraits and sculptures. This is due to several main reasons highly qualified employees and good infrastructure. [53] Vilnius had a vibrant Jewish population: according to the Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 154,500, Jews constituted 64,000 (approximately 40%). [7][15] Vilnius is situated in southeastern Lithuania and is currently the second largest city in the Baltic states. [314] Their opinion did not change within the union and was confirmed again in the Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations in 1791. Students are able to submit tips 24/7 by telephone, text, email, mobile application, and via aweb-based form. His other function was taking care of the city craftsmen. Additionally, Eastern Rite Catholicism has maintained a presence in Vilnius since the Union of Brest. [193][199], Latin and Polish were also widely used in the Chancery of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Chapel of the Gate of Dawn is visited by thousands of Christian pilgrims annually. [438] According to the same survey, 40% of tourists specified that they decided to visit Vilnius in order to learn about the history and heritage of the city; however, 23% of tourists also planned trips to other areas of Lithuania (e.g. [47] However, after the third partition of April 1795, Vilnius was annexed by the Russian Empire and in 17971801 was centre of the short-lived Lithuania Governorate, but since 1801 it become centre of the Vilna Governorate. Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, (Hebrew: ' Rabbi Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman) known as the Vilna Gaon (Yiddish: Der Vilner Gaon, Polish: Gaon z Wilna, Lithuanian: Vilniaus Gaonas) or Elijah of Vilna, or by his Hebrew acronym Gra ("Gaon Rabbenu Eliyahu": "Our great teacher Elijah"; Sialiec, April 23, 1720 - Vilnius October 9, 1797 . [311], Later, following the invitation of Grand Duke Gediminas, merchants and craftsmen began to move to Vilnius from the cities of the German Hanseatic League, France, Italy and Spain, and replaced the Lithuanian surnames with German, Polish, and Russian surnames. Almost half of Vilnius is covered by green areas, such as parks, public gardens, natural reserves. [284], In 2019, average price for 1m2 (11sqft) of flat was around 2,000 euros and around 1,200 euros for 1m2 (11sqft) of a private house in Vilnius, while the rent prices were ~10 /m2 (for flats) and ~8 /m2 (for private houses) respectively. [30] Vilnius Vytautas the Great Gymnasium, established in 1915, is the first Lithuanian gymnasium in eastern Lithuania. [381] Its main premises are in the Old Town. [45], The fortunes of the Commonwealth declined during the 18th century. [273][274], More distant neighbourhoods (e.g. [378] The two largest banks registered in Lithuania (AB SEB bankas, Swedbank, AB,) are supervised directly by the European Central Bank jointly with Bank of Lithuania experts. [331], The supply of new housing in Vilnius and its suburbs, the country's biggest real estate market, has reached post-crisis highs and the stock of unsold apartments in the three largest cities has started to increase since the In 2017, there were 4,658 Poles and 9,274 Russians who studied in their minorities languages in the city. Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. Other key labour market indicators have improved, returning to pre-crisis levels. The priest told him: "What is destined for the ruler and the State of Lithuania, is thus: the Iron Wolf represents a castle and a city which will be established by you on this site. [443], The Vilnius Palace of Concerts and Sports, originally constructed by the Soviet authorities on the site of a Jewish graveyard, is slated in 2022 to be transformed into the leading convention center in the Baltic states. [23] Furthermore, in 2021, Vilnius was named one of the 25 fDi's Global Cities of the Future.[24]. [128] Gothic wooden polychrome sculptures were used to decorate the altars of the churches of Vilnius. [206], Wealthy townspeople, decorated with luxurious clothing, raised the envy of the Lithuanian nobility and the nobles demanded the adoption of laws limiting the clothing of the townspeople. During wars, when the city was in a danger, the city was led by a Voivode of Vilnius. [193], At the royal court in Vilnius of Sigismund II Augustus, the last Grand Duke of Lithuania prior to the Union of Lublin, both Polish and Lithuanian were spoken equally widely. [104], Vilnius was selected as a 2009 European Capital of Culture, along with Linz, the capital of Upper Austria. Wall paintings from the 16th century, such as the paintings in the Church of St. Francis and St. Bernard vaults or in the Church of Saint Nicholas, were found in Vilnius. [55][verification needed], On 45 December 1905, the Great Seimas of Vilnius was held in the current Lithuanian National Philharmonic Society building with over 2000 participants. The population of Vilnius's functional urban area, which stretches beyond the city limits, is estimated at 718,507 (as of 2020),[8] while according to the Vilnius territorial health insurance fund, there were 753,875 permanent inhabitants as of November 2022 in Vilnius city and Vilnius district municipalities combined. Former Museum of Revolution was reconstructed into the National Art Gallery in the late 2000s. [142] One branch of it, the Vilnius Picture Gallery in the Vilnius Old Town, houses a collection of Lithuanian art from the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century. [425] The consecration ceremony of the new Stations of the Cross took place at Pentecost on 9 June 1669. L'Anse Creuse High School - North 23700 Twenty One Mile Road These letters contain the first unambiguous reference to Vilnius as the capital;[30] Old Trakai Castle had been the earlier seat of the court of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Since the 1522 privilege by Sigismund I the Old, Vilnius Magistrates had the responsibility to protect the city and its resident's tranquility by having 24 armed guards. A feast of the Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament is held in the shrine 24 hours per day. [380], The city has many universities. After the battle, the Polish army was dispersed, some of it incorporated into the Soviet-loyal Polish People's Army, while the officers were arrested and imprisoned. Galingj vizitai Lietuvoje: Napoleonas, Hitleris, Putinas", "Education as Resistance: The Polish Experience of Schooling During the War", Lietuvos gyventoj genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras, "The Big and Little Ghetto Vilnius Tourist Information Centre", "NKGBNKVD prie lenk pogrind Lietuvoje 1944 m. antroje pusje1945 m. pirmoje pusje", "Pokario aretai ir trmimai (19441948 m. pradia)", "Michailo Gorbaiovo vizitas Vilniuje 1990 m. saus ir Tautos Sueiga", "Lina Bgien. The secret protocols of the MolotovRibbentrop Pact had partitioned Lithuania and Poland into German and Soviet spheres of interest. [48] Soon the activity of Philomaths and Filarets and their trial resulted in tightened control over the region's culture and intensified Russification. [154], Lithuanian magnate Albertas Gotautas actively supported the Lithuanian language usage in the Lithuanian literature and protected Lithuanian authors, including Abraomas Kulvietis and Michael the Lithuanian, who criticised the usage of Old Slavonic church language and called refugees Old Believers as the Muscovian spies in his book De moribus tartarorum, lituanorum et moscorum. 1 was here. On 11 March 1990, the Supreme Council of the Lithuanian SSR announced its secession from the Soviet Union and intention to restore an independent Republic of Lithuania. [239] According to the Law of the President of the Republic of Lithuania, the President of the Republic has a residence in Vilnius that is located in Turniks district near Neris river. He also acted as a notary in transactions, testaments and as a judge during the city residents conflicts that involved new buildings constructions and reconstructions. Shortly after the Red Army's defeat at the 1920 Battle of Warsaw, in order to delay the Polish advance, the Soviet government ceded the city to Lithuania after signing the SovietLithuanian Peace Treaty on 12 July 1920.[60]. Sie knnen auch jederzeit g.co/privacytools/lt besuchen. [204], It is known that the Vilnians have enjoyed to expensively dress up since the Middle Ages. National M. K. iurlionis School of Art is the only art school in Lithuania spanning the entire 12-year learning cycle. Ukrainians, Lipka Tatars, Jews). [245], Lithuania's highest courts are located in Vilnius. Offices, Registration Information & Refund Policies, John R. Armstrong Performing Arts Center - JAPAC, Harry L. Wheeler Community Center & Administrative Offices. In 1387, Jogaila acting as a Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, granted Magdeburg rights to the city. [467] Vilnius City Municipality also held a contest for 41 new trolleybuses and its winner Solaris committed to deliver all trolleybuses until the autumn of 2018, which also have the free Wi-Fi and charging features. Soon around the bridge, a suburb began to develop. Trakai, Kaunas, Druskininkai, iauliai, etc.). The activity rate reached 82% in 2017. The area was first mentioned in the Vilnius's historical documents in 1536 when the Grand Duke Sigismund I the Old ordered Ulrich Hosius to build a wooden bridge over the Neris river. India, Africa) and introduced different cultures to Vilnians. Vilnius was one of the host cities for the 2021 FIFA Futsal World Cup. [45] Thousands of soldiers died in the city during the eventual retreat; the mass graves were uncovered in 2002. On 20 October 2013, Bernardinai Garden, near Gediminas Tower, previously known as Sereikiks Park, was opened after reconstruction. [130], Development of art in the first half of the 20th century was promoted by activities and exhibitions of the Lithuanian Art Society, established in 1907 by Petras Rima, Antanas muidzinaviius, Antanas Jaroeviius, and Vilnius Art Society, established in 1908. [429], Church Heritage Museum (Lithuanian: Banytinio paveldo muziejus) exhibits the oldest and largest of all the churches of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania treasure trove of the Vilnius Cathedral and liturgical artefacts from other churches of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vilnius. [96][97] On the previously rural outskirts as well as in the very vicinity of the Old Town (industrial zones in Paupys, Markuiai, Naujamiestis), industrial areas were (re)designed and large Soviet plants were built, following a program of industrialization. Vilnius development was influenced by the West and East ideologies. Next to it, then-luxurious quarter of bankers Piromontas[278] was built in the 1890s, is architectural heritage too. [218], Under the Russian Empire, the City Council was replaced with a City Duma.
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