Before and after service we have coffee and fellowship. Join us this Sunday at 8:30, 10:00, and 11:30 am. Posted on January 14, 2020 by kevinjandt. In my personal experience with Mikes techniques, I saw him use this on my wife and even on me. Grace Fellowship is not all that unusual as I said in the first article, and so there are other places like this. The techniques vary, but the goal is control over people. This very evening Mike Reid read this verse asking the congregation to examine their own hearts, I jotted down this note not knowing at the time its significance. This includes developing, coordinating, and delivering external and . How often did she and her husband have relations? Bring your friends to RPM for fun, food and conversations about things that matter to high school students. Is it truly a shepherding issue? Regardless of your faith background, there is a place for you here! In concluding a three-part series on exposing the practices of Grace Fellowship Church of Davenport, Iowa, (GFC) we will look at some of the specifics of the practices that occur, and why they are so dangerous. learn more about grace. Workshop. Students in 6th grade and up participate in Worship. Is it a denomination, and is it similar to Baptist denominations? COME WORSHIP WITH US. We were all in at the time and appreciated Mikes teaching and preaching. Therefore, we seek to treasure Him in our hearts and minds, and we seek to make daily decisions that reflect what a treasure He is to us. Johnson City, TN 37604. Denomination / Affiliation: Non-Denominational. Grace Gospel Fellowship is a Christian denomination in the United States associated with the Grace Movement. This Non-Denominational church serves Jasper County IN Denomination / Affiliation: Non-Denominational F & O 401-1.3 "The Board of Elders shall have the general oversight of the life and work of' the church, including worship, preaching, ordinances, evangelism, visitation, discipline, finances, and maintenance of the properties. Deception, Abuse & Disqualification. Get involved through Grace Groups, volunteering and more! We are elder-led, staff-run, and lay-powered. See the 2nd London Baptist Confession of Faith Chapter 26. This Non-Denominational church serves Howard County MO . He believes this is part of shepherding the flock. The denomination has its headquarters in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Grace Bible Fellowship Church was founded as an urban ministry in Reading in 1884. (Acts 2:28-41, 47; Matthew 28:18-20; Acts 8:36-40; 10:47; 18:8; Romans 6:3, 4; I Corinthians 12:13), (j) We believe that those who partake of the Lords Supper should be regenerate believers, walking in fellowship with the Lord Jesus Christ. She desired to be respectful, but Mike was having none of it, it seemed he desired to pick a fight, and after Jen had left, and I had more conversation with the elders, Mike stated, Im doing your job. Learn More Our Vision A Christian denomination associated with the Grace Movement, Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grace_Gospel_Fellowship&oldid=1167259181, Christian organizations established in 1944, Organizations based in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 26 July 2023, at 17:56. Grace Fellowship Church is a Non-Denominational church in Demotte Indiana. What is the Charis Fellowship? Grace Fellowship Church is a non-denominational, Elder led church in Kingsport, TN. The central theme is the control-oriented leader. Grace Fellowship Church is a non-denominational, Elder led church in Kingsport, TN. There are six basic standards with some distinguishing beliefs such as dispensationalism, pre-millennial rapture and baptism by the Holy Spirit as spiritual. Will those that still remain examine these claims and examine the teaching carefully and prayerfully desiring to know the truth? I'M NEW; LOCATIONS; CONNECT; Watch; CARE; Give. About Grace Fellowship Learn about Our Vision, Mission, Beliefs, Baptism at Grace Fellowship, and your next steps. The new name reflects changes that were occurring in the 50s concerning both theological distinctives and church polity. They enjoy spending their time discovering new outdoor adventures with their six children. A small group structure is the heart of our system of caring, shepherding, and accountability. In concluding a three-part series on exposing the practices of Grace Fellowship Church of Davenport, Iowa, (GFC) we will look at some of the specifics of the practices that occur, and why they are so dangerous. These interactions are not only mine but also others. Find nearby businesses, restaurants and hotels. . While there are many godly men leading churches that do not have seminary degrees or seminary training, men that have oversight stand a better chance of not becoming puffed up with conceit, the importance of the two-fold call, internal and external, and the cultivation helps protect the church from unqualified men. His style was not for them. History. Our focus is on making disciples and introducing people to a relationship with Jesus that is life changing. Matthew 10:24. Today, the BFC is a unique hybrid of reformed theologyand anabaptist emphasis on believers baptism by immersion. (Matthew 1:18-25; Luke 1:26-38; Romans 9:5; Titus 2:13), (d) We believe that humankind was created in the image of God, that he sinned and thereby incurred not only physical death but also spiritual death which is separation from God, and that all human beings are born with a sinful nature, and become guilty sinners in thought, word, and deed. You will lose all your so-called Christian friends. We are left only to do what the Scripture calls us to do; Expose evil. 2. excommunication - the act of banishing a member of a church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the church; cutting a person off from a religious society Each local congregation is autonomous and responsible for their own way of functioning. Ive talked to so many of them, and in many instances they thought nobody cared. He died on the cross as a sacrifice for our sins according to the Scriptures. [5] As of 2020, 107 churches were listed in the Fellowship's church directory. Everyone is welcome, no matter where they are spiritually. We believe that water baptism by immersion is the biblical testimony of the professed believer in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. He is not a seminary-trained pastor, and he never sat under proper teaching for an extended period that he might be tested. At Grace Fellowship we strive to teach the Bible truthfully and practically. 19 Pentecostal churches, 43 Methodist churches, and 336 other denomination churches. GRACE FELLOWSHIP SINCE 1983 is located at 2445 WEST I-44 SERVICE ROAD in the city of Oklahoma City. Watch Live. [4] In 2021, Bryan Walker become the President of the Grace Gospel Fellowship and has adopted the mission statement to be "Healthy Pastors, Healthy Boards & Healthy Churches". Helping people live Jesus-Centered lives. Mike consistently digs into the intimate relationship between husbands and wives. Sabrina Phillips2023-07-26T09:03:40-04:00July 26th, 2023|0 Comments, Sabrina Phillips2023-07-24T14:09:57-04:00July 24th, 2023|0 Comments, Sabrina Phillips2023-07-20T12:03:31-04:00July 20th, 2023|0 Comments, Visit a Service Online or Onsite Sundays at 9:15 & 11am, 2314 South Greenwood Drive, Johnson City, Tennessee 37604|. (II Timothy 3:16; II Peter 1:20, 21), (b) We believe in one God, eternally existing in three persons; Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Connect with us! Sundays at 9 & 10:45 AM. through serving, missions, and making disciples. A place where people love people; unconditional love abounds; the hurting finds love and healing; A place you can call home. I pray this will assist unsuspecting church goers with critical information before making a decision to attend GFC. What if there's more to being a church member than we realized? He has a powerful personality, almost overwhelming at times. Now we know that the law is good, if one uses it lawfully,understanding this, that the law is not laid down for the just but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who strike their fathers and mothers, for murderers,the sexually immoral, men who practice homosexuality, enslavers, liars, perjurers, and whatever else is contrary to sound doctrine,in accordance with the gospel of the glory of the blessed God with which I have been entrusted. Grace Fellowship is a Non-Denominational church in Fayette Missouri. Looking for events ONLY happening at your local campus? We work together to serve the Great Commission in our part of Stranraer. I believe Pauls point is clear. (k) We believe that all Christians have direct relations with God through Jesus Christ, are responsible to God alone, and that each church is independent and must be free from interference by any outside authority. This charge I entrust to you, Timothy, my child, in accordance with the prophecies previously made about you, that by them you may wage the good warfare, holding faith and a good conscience. Other daily workings in church life previously included that girls in sports or attending college was highly discouraged. We are a non-denominational body of believers who seek to glorify God through celebratory worship, B Grace Gospel Fellowship is a Christian denomination in the United States associated with the Grace Movement. This creates a situation where everyone depends on him for counsel and advice. WELCOME TO GRACE FELLOWSHIP CONNECT Become a part of our community. Kevin, thank you for writing this series, and for sharing your story and the stories of those of us who experienced gfc first-hand! Most all sports were considered potentially idolatrous. Learn about Our Vision, Mission, Beliefs, Baptism at Grace Fellowship, and your next steps. Mike has consistently been warned and criticized of this in the past but continues to exercise this kind of authority in the marriages of those at GFC. Is Grace Community Church nondenominational? Grace Fellowship Church is a Biblically-based, evangelical non-denominational church. Of the original launch team, only two families remain. We are a community that is focused on solid Bible teaching, worship and prayer. He had spoken at conferences that had speakers like Paul Washer and James White. Jesus Christ is fully God and fully man, having been conceived of the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary. Mike Reid runs GFC. Additionally, having the support and oversight of an organization, or at the least other pastors that can provide counsel and truly speak into a mans life, is a necessity. In his book Churches That Abuse, Ronald M. Enroth notes that this pattern tends to happen over time in churches with abusive and authoritarian tendencies, and this is the bottom-line on Grace Fellowship. North Katy Campus9AM Espaol & 10:45AM English, 2655 S. Mason Road, Katy, TX 774508:45AM & 10:45AM, 19407 Park Row, Suite 180, Houston, TX 77084 9:00AM Espaol & 10:45AM English, 19407 Park Row, Suite 180, Houston, TX 770849:00AM & 10:45AM, Login to MyPlace@GraceLoginfor Microsoft Office. This article provides a good overview of the techniques used and, when used consistently and properly, can gain control over whole societies. As reported by a former member, Mike asked Tony Miano and Cal Bolkema in a gathering time if (we have) ever taught against girls going to college? Tony boldly declared, no, pastor as did Cal. From the start, there were problems, and it never got off the ground in the right way. What if we could deepen our. It sounds good here, but Jack received very little education. May the Great Shepherd rescue His sheep from GFC and prevent even one more of His own from falling into this cesspool of biblical errors. Grace Gospel Fellowship is a Christian denomination in the United States associated with the Grace Movement. Coffee and other beverages are served prior to worship. Another grievous example occurred on a car ride home from the abortion ministry in Iowa City; my wife was riding with Mike and Tony. Want to see how to watch this week's message? Select your campus below. What is Grace Fellowship of Davenport IA? Thanks for the article. Thankfully, they have been given an opportunity to say what needs to be said. Grace Fellowship Church is a global community of believersmulti-ethnic, multi-generational, and economic diverse families. (Genesis 1:1, 26; Matthew 28:19; John 1:1,3; 4:24; Acts 5:3,4; Romans 1:20; Ephesians 4:5,6; II Corinthians 13:14), (c) We believe that Jesus Christ was begotten by the Holy Spirit, and born of the Virgin Mary, and is true God and true man. He is seldom visible up front so when confronted by someone about the un-Biblical practices, he is always clean, yet all orders come directly from him. During our 10:45 service we also have small groups and children's worship for G2 (Generation Grace) Kids from birth to 5th grade. They were hurt, they were abused, and they needed to say what could not be said. Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability After all, why would you have girls participate in anything other than preparing to be godly wives and mothers? I will attempt to cite several reasons later, but for now it was important because it provided Mike with some credibility in his ministry. 9500 Medlock Bridge Rd, Johns Creek, GA 30097. I continue to pray for them. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. CLAIM THIS LISTING Are you on staff at this church? The ultimate danger in gaslighting is that it causes people to question their sanity. While this would seem the normal course of life to many Christians, it was nearly iconoclastic at GFC. However, the reality is that there is a trail of those damaged by these intrusive methods, having memories etched into their minds which they will never be able to remove. Why would any adult, let alone a pastor, ask such a rude and intrusive question? Non-Denominational / Independent. For Mike sex is a big part of marriage, all things are spiritual but if a couple is not seeking this counsel why must it be a part of the normal practices of the church? Grace Community Fellowship is a Bible-based, non-denominational, evangelistic, Spirit-filled church located in New Braunfels, Texas. disfellowship: [transitive verb] to exclude from fellowship, especially from religious communion. While some were leaving, others that Mike knew from his previous church came and joined. Oct. 20 - 27, 2023 United Kingdom. A small group structure is the heart of our system of caring, shepherding, and accountability. He, along with Cal Bolkema, and Mike Reid made up the eldership in the earlier years. 1 Timothy 3:6. I contend that this has been the case with Mike. Eventually, Tyler Bolkema, Cals son, became an elder at GFC. We are elder-led, staff-run, and lay-powered. Seek the Lord, He will provide the answers. Furthermore, He arose bodily from the dead and ascended into heaven, where, at the right hand of the Father, He is now our High Priest and Advocate. The true Church consists of all such persons who, through saving faith in Jesus Christ, have been regenerated by the Holy Spirit and are united together in the Body of Christ of which He is the Head. A plurality of eldership is biblical, and I believe the best way to protect a local church. The Lord is being gracious.. New to GFC? How many credit hours per semester do I have to take in order to be considered a full-time student? Why was it important to get Tony here? Click on the links below to. There appears to be little or no filter between the brain and the mouth. He preached from the Bible, verse by verse and we were learning and growing. Everyone is welcome at GFC because we believe that every person matters to God. I am very familiar with this type of church. What therefore God has joined together, let not man separate. Any slight distortions can and will be damaging. Get to know the Mission, Vision, and Values that have guided Grace Fellowship Church for the past 44 years of ministry in Johnson City! Join us this weekend! I wrote in my note, You prayed this Sunday night. Pastors around the world look to Sermon Central for free sermons, sermon outlines, sermon illustrations, preaching ideas for sermon preparation, church videos, sermon video illustrations, and church Preaching Slides. Get to know the Mission, Vision, and Values that have guided Grace Fellowship Church for the past 44 years of ministry in Johnson City! . The main idea is that teaching children the Bible and about God is the only thing that truly has eternal value. Explore! Your email address will not be published. I was serving as a deacon at the time and was a part of the recruitment process on some level. GRACE FELLOWSHIP CHURCH. Or want to catchup or find past messages? I write this last article, with heaviness in my heart, that these leaders will turn from the practices that have hurt so many people, and the Lord will convict them to clean up their messes, and experience the joy and freedom of the Christian life. and have a gift we would like to give you following Worship. (a) We believe that the Bible is the inspired Word of God, inerrant in its original manuscripts. If not, watch this short video. There is so much more that I could say, and so many more stories that could be recounted, but this question needs to be answered; Why would legitimate men of God desire to distort the Bibles teaching? Writing in his book, The Creedal Imperative Carl Truman said: On the whole, those who reinvent the wheel invest a lot of time either to come up with something that looks identical to the old design or something that is actually inferior to it.. He cites sources to validate this ministry, yet he denies any need to listen to any other counsel. He must not be a recent convert, or he may become puffed up with conceit and fall into the condemnation of the devil. What's Happening Camps and Mission Trips Generations Ministries (GenMin)---the youth ministry arm of Grace Communion International (GCI) in the. Privacy Statement, Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability Required fields are marked *. The personal and imminent return of our Lord Jesus Christ is our blessed hope and has a vital bearing on the personal life and service of the believer. Grace Fellowship Church (GFC), a growing non-denomination church in Timonium, MD, is looking for a Director of Communications (DC). A small group structure is the heart of our system of caring, shepherding, and accountability. The denomination has its headquarters in Grand Rapids, Michigan. 2314 South Greenwood Drive. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Here is a link to the teaching that Mike Reid, Nick Rolland & Cal Bolkema, himself, as the moderator of the conference, were quite aware they had taught against girls going to college. How did this place become a thing that has been written about previously and now? We are a people committed to a lifestyle of faithful worship. This congregant was considerably upset over this hypocrisy, as she had lost a friend over this doctrine a few years earlier. It is the VISION of Grace Fellowship Church to be a HOUSE OF PRAYER FOR ALL NATIONS. Grace Fellowship Church, originally called Legacy Church, sprang out of a church plant in Davenport from Christ United Methodist Church. He will also claim the other elders keep him accountable. While Im not sure when the change occurred, I do find it interesting they believed they could write a better confession by combining the two. Come experience and get to know the God who loves us outrageously, who calls us to radical obedience, and who arms us with eternal hope to bring back to our homes, campuses, and to the ends of the earth. Grace Fellowship Church is a Biblically-based, evangelical non-denominational church. ", Photo of Susquehanna River, Harrisburg, courtesy ofwww.rosewood.us.com. Aaron is the Senior Pastor and an Elder. This sort of psychological warfare is heinous and dangerous. Get involved through Grace Groups, volunteering and more! Great messages and a great place to worship! Second, and much more importantly, this is designed to show Tony the type of relationship or control Mike has with his people. 800.323.9473 / 540.535.0103, Copyright 2023 ECFA The former members and attendees of Grace Fellowship have voices that others will want to hear, Ive posted them here. Twenty-somethings to eighty-somethings. Helping everyone experience Grace by loving and leading our cities. The staunch supporters become leaders and mete out the dictates of the pastor. North Katy Campus. We are located at One Fellowship Pointe, previously 1 Moose Lane, Kingsport, TN. Announcements Good Friday service 7pm Join us on Good Friday for a one hour service starting at 7pm We will have a group leading us in Each of these men played a role in my life at one time, and I have no personal vendetta against them. Cal is currently in leadership as a deacon. The Bible Fellowship Church, has a rich and actively progressive history dating back to its origins in the mid 1850's. Formerly the Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church, the name changed in 1959 to the Bible Fellowship Church (BFC). Mike has consistently used unsound speech, as evidenced here in this one example, but there are others, and the egregious nature of such a question to another mans wife, in the presence of a virtual stranger (as Tony was at the time) is really inexcusable, and not above reproach, not dignified, not the behavior of a man of God, much less the pastor of a church. That is the point: breaking down a persons independence, causing them to lean on the manipulator. They use the law, but they do not use it lawfully. We see the example of teachers without understanding yet they make confident assertions. The original church plant included my family and several others. New here? There will be a bodily resurrection of all the dead. Christ has told us we will emulate our teachers and ultimately Christ is the one we should be looking at for our final authority. Or want to catchup or find past messages? Jul 23, 2021 - Jul 25, 2021 The Denominational Celebration recordings are now available to all GCI Members and friends! I believe there is a two-fold explanation. What types of techniques do they use? A disciple is not above his teacher, nor a servant above his master. If you are looking for a new church or just visiting Oklahoma City, please browse through our . Click below for a calendar of future events, classes, Bible studies, groups and programs happening within the GFC community. As a faith family we desire to love like Jesus and live in obedience to his command to "Go and make disciples" through our church and in the community. Services are Sundays at 9:30 or 11:15 a.m. See you this weekend! Again, there are no boundaries permittedno information is off-limits to Pastor Mike. In his mind, this is a shepherding issue. He had been arrested twice in the UK for preaching in public. What are the ramifications of such teaching? (Genesis 1:26, 27; 3:1-24; Romans 3:25; 5:12-18; I John 1:8), (e) We believe that the Lord Jesus died for our sins according to the Scriptures as a representative and substitutionary sacrifice, that He rose victorious from the grave on the third day, and that all who believe in Him are justified on the ground of His shed blood. We believe church should be a place that feels like home as soon as you arrive. In-Person or Online. Oklahoma City is located in the beautiful state of Oklahoma. In-person or online Sundays at 9 and 11am Grace Fellowship Church is based in New York's Capital Region, with three locations in the area. Grace Fellowship Church is a unique church in Johnson City, TN which includes people from all walks of life and religious backgrounds who are finding abundant life through Jesus Christ. We are a community of believers and seekers numbering approximately 4,000 including children. On the face of it, this is immature and insensitiveat best. Grace has a strongcommitment to reach unreached peoples for Christ, and we have a number of missionaries in southeast and central Asia. Manipulation is the key word there. Tony was recruited by Mike and Nick while they were at the Shepherds Conference in 2015. (Matthew 28:17-20; Acts 2:41-42; I Corinthians 12:12-31), (m) We believe that God created marriage to be exclusively the union of one man and one woman in a single, exclusive union, as described in Scripture. Everything we do at Grace flows from one main idea: Helping people live Jesus-centered lives. These were mostly hypocritical, as opposed to moral failures, but he was removed rightly as he was clearly no longer biblically qualified. A question came in about girls attending a local college, but still living at home. Grace Fellowship is a Jesus-loving church in Brooklyn Park, Minnesota. Mike will claim the Scripture is his authority. Nevertheless, many people were leaving. Starting Point. So they are no longer two but one flesh. MESSAGES Want to see how to watch this week's message? Visit a Service. Our Denomination. They graduated in 1999 and have since made Toccoa their home. Our Mission It is the MISSION of Grace Fellowship Church to MAKE DISCIPLES of Jesus Christ whose hearts burn to be like Jesus, to love God, and to love others. var _ctct_m = "46b36142258c5a2a41416af374aca224"; We laugh hard, eat much, sing loud, meet new friends, and seek to walk boldly in the ways of Jesus and the Bible! He could be aggressive and abrasive; he could also be kind, which will be addressed later as one of the techniques of something called gaslighting which is a form of emotional manipulation. Join us as we gather together at 9:00 and 10:45 AM on Sundays on our campus and online. EVENTS; . Click below for a calendar of future events, classes, Bible studies, groups and programs happening within the GFC community. The believer will be welcomed to everlasting blessedness and joy with the Lord, and the unbeliever to judgment and everlasting, conscious punishment. Given some power over people, nobody to answer to except himself, and you have a recipe for a cult driven by loyalty to its leader. Countless people have attempted to expose the grievous errors that occur at Grace Fellowship. Who are its leaders? She should never question anything her husband says or does, nor should she ever ask questions of the eldership, after all they have been ordained by God, a phrase they were fond of using. The Need to Control People Uncommon Faith, A Summary and Synthesis of Thomas Aquinas Epistomology and Theological Method, Innocent III. Everyone is welcome at GFC because we believe that every person matters to God. Each service is an encouraging time of worship and learning about God from a Biblical perspective. Families to singles. While on the surface this sounds like it might be a legitimate concept, the Bible teaches and encourages it is good and godly to work, to be able to provide for a family. non-denominational in Silver Springs Shores. Founded in 1945 as a pastors' fellowship, Grace Gospel Fellowship soon grew into a fellowship of churches that believed in certain doctrinal standards including the gifts of the Spirit. Former drug addicts to the ones that grew up in church. Affirmation of Belieffrom the Grace Fellowship Constitution. Matthew 19:6. We'd love to hear from you! Welcome to Perimeter. While our marriage was in no way perfect, it was stable, and we had not requested counseling. Thank you, Kevin! Only those who receive Jesus Christ by faith are born of the Holy Spirit and thus become the children of God. We enjoy meeting our guests. Mike Reid desires to know everything he can about everyone in his congregation. It also shows his desire to do the job of those husbands that cant, wont or arent progressing fast enough for him, and the goal is for the husband to have complete dominance over the wife. Established in 1967, Grace Bible Believers Fellowship is located at 1446 Farmington Ave Ste G3 in Pottstown, PA - Chester County and is a business listed in the categories Denomination, Non-Denominational, Etcetera and Churches - Various Denomination, Non-Denominational, Etc. Grace has a strong, Click here to view the comparative financial data. Some have argued that Mike steals credibility. 1Timothy 1:18-20. Its 60 plus churches and missions are committed to the proclamation of the doctrines of Gods saving grace balanced by the faithful spreading of the gospel message to all men. Where there is no guidance, a people falls, but in an abundance of counselors there is safety. My wife had recently experienced two miscarriages and perhaps too much time had gone by with her not being pregnant, so Mike asked my wife if her parts were still working?. Let us know you're new, select a location, or plan a visit! The following illustrations show the dangers and failures of this approach to ministry. What denomination is Grace Fellowship Church? We want to help people experience grace and we do that by loving and leading our cities. We'd love to have you join us at a campus location near you. Explore ways you and your family can continue to grow relationally and spiritually. We want to help people experience grace and we do that by loving and leading our cities. For more information on the history of the denomination check www.bfchistory.org. Psalm 139:23-24, February 4th, 2018 was the last service we attended at GFC. My wife and I had originally been very convicted and challenged by Reids preaching, and in the summer of 2009, while going through a bible study, came to repentance and faith in Christ. 2655 S. Mason Road, Katy, TX 774508:45AM & 10:45AM, 19407 Park Row, Suite 180, Houston, TX 770849:00AM & 10:45AM, Login to MyPlace@GraceLoginfor Microsoft Office. Your email address will not be published.
grace fellowship denomination
